1. Inhibition of TGF-β signaling abrogates the conversion of glutamine-deprived CD4+ T cells to Treg cells but cannot support TH1 cell generation.
Inhibition of TGF-β signaling abrogates the conversion of glutamine-deprived CD4+ T cells to Treg cells but cannot support TH1 cell generation. (A to C) Naïve CD4+ T cells were stimulated under TH0-, TH1-, or TH2-polarizing conditions in nutrient-replete or glutamine-deprived medium in the presence or absence of an anti–TGF-β neutralizing antibody. (A) After 96 hours of activation, the CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the percentages of Foxp3+ cells. Left: Dot plots show the percentages of Foxp3+ cells. Right: Quantification of the percentages of Foxp3+ T cells. Data are means ± SD of three independent experiments. ****P < by χ2 test. (B) After 96 hours of stimulation, the CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the relative abundances of the transcription factors Tbet (top) and GATA3 (bottom). Histograms are representative of four independent experiments. (C) On day 6 of activation, the CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry to determine the percentages of IFN-γ–producing cells. Dot plots show the percentages of IFN-γ+ cells and are representative of three independent experiments.
Dorota Klysz et al., Sci. Signal. 2015;8:ra97
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