1. WECC Load Composition Model
Presentation for
WECC Significant Electrification Task Force
August 2019

2. How We Construct Dynamic Load Models
Temperature
Profile,
Season
Building Models
Temperature-dependent cooling and heating models
Base Load shapes (Lighting, Cooking, Refrigeration, …)
End-Use Load Shape
“Rules of Association”
Mapping between end-uses and CMLD model components,
( e.g. “Cooling” = 80% Motor A + 20% Motor B)
Load Model Component Shape
24h
24h
Cooling
Ventilation
Refirgeration ….
Motor A
Motor B …
Power Electronic
Constant Current …
End-Use Electrification

3. Increasing Percentage of Electric End-Uses Are Connected to the System through Power Electronics
60 HP Fan Motor
Variable Frequency Drive

4. Increasing Percentage of Electric End-Uses Are Connected to the System through Power Electronics
Cooling Tower Fan
Variable Frequency Drive
60 HP Fan Motor
Cooling Water Pump

5. Rules of Association – Existing
Heating
Cooling
Vent
Water Heat
Cooking
Refrig
ExtLight
IntLight
Office Equip
Misc
Process
Motors
AirComp
Motor A
0.3
0.8 1
Motor B
0.05
0.85
0.2
0.5
Motor C
0.1
Motor D
Power Electronic
0.15 DG
Static P Resistive
0.7
Static P Current

6. Rules of Association – Commercial Energy Efficiency
Heating
Cooling
Vent
Water Heat
Cooking
Refrig
ExtLight
IntLight
Office Equip
Misc
Process
Motors
Air Comp
Motor A
0.3 1
Motor B
0.2
Motor C
Motor D
Power Electronic
0.5 DG
Static P Resistive
0.7
0.8
Static P Current

7. Existing Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak
Motor A – 3ph compressor
Motor B – fans
Motor C – pump, small fan
Motor D – 1ph compressor

8. Commercial Energy Efficiency Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak

9. EE plus 20% residential EV Load Composition Northern California Valley – Summer Peak

10. Stability Studies where Dynamic Load Matters
Faults, voltage recovery, loss of load in large metro areas
Intertie power and voltage swings
Inter-area power oscillations
Frequency response

11. Let’s Discuss the Studies…