1. Airspeed Indicator Tells you how fast you are moving through the air
Green band is safe speed range of the airplane
Instrument shows airspeed in knots, which are nautical miles per hour
Be sure to keep the airspeed of aircraft in the green zone

2. Vertical Speed Indicator
Tells you how fast your airplane is climbing or falling
White needle will point to 0 (zero) if you are flying level
If you are descending, the needle will point down
If you are climbing, the needle will point up
Numbers on the instrument indicate the hundreds of feet your aircraft is traveling up or down per minute

3. Altimeter
Indicates your airplane’s altitude over Sea Level, not the ground
Long white hand points to altitude in hundreds of feet
Short white hand points to altitude in thousands of feet
If there is a third needle, long and thin, it points to tens of thousands of feet

4. Turn Coordinator Used to make smooth turns
Glass level in the bottom of instrument is just like a carpenter’s level
White ball will stay in the center of the level if you are coordinating your rudder and aileron movements
Needle indicates the direction of slip in the turn
Keep the ball centered and your aircraft will be making efficient turns

5. Heading Indicator Indicates your aircraft’s direction
Small orange aircraft at center of gage is pointed toward the top
The 360 degree compass dial spins under the aircraft as it turns
Heading is found by reading the number under the white mark at the top of the instrument (i.e., heading is North at 360 degrees)