1. Glycolysis

2. 1 g of glucose releases 3811 calories of heat energy when burned in oxygen.
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C.
The Calorie on food labels is actually the kilocalorie.

3. The process of obtaining energy from food is called glycolysis.
In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain make up a process called cellular respiration.

4. Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3 carbon compound.

5. Glycolysis does not require oxygen and thousands of ATP molecules are produced in milliseconds.
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
Fermentation is anaerobic….not in air.

6. The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.

7. Alcololic Fermentation

8. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid is produced in your muscles during rapid exercises when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissue.

9. The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
At the end of glycolysis, about 90 percent of the energy that was available in glucose is still unused.
To extract the rest of that energy, oxygen is necessary.
Because cellular respiration requires oxygen, it is said to be aerobic.

10. The Krebs Cycle
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions.
Citric acid is one of the first compounds formed.

11. What’s the point of the Kreb’s Cycle?
Every time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide that was a product of the Kreb’s cycle.
ATP is used for cellular activities.
Generates high energy electrons for NADH and FADH2

12. Electron Transport Chain
Uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.
Oxygen combines with the waste products produced in cellular respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water. Oxygen is essentially necessary to get rid of carbon.

13. Comparing Photosynthesis with Cellular Respiration
The two are exact opposites of each other.
Photosynthesis creates glucose.
CR breaks glucose down.
Photosynthesis produces oxygen and breaks down carbon dioxide.
CR uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide.