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RNA vs. DNA DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA
Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.
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Transcription and Translation:
makes Translation makes
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Transcription RNA forms base pairs with DNA C-G A-U
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Major players in transcription
mRNA- Messenger RNA type of RNA that codes information to make proteins carries proteins to a ribosome from the nucleus
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Transcription is done…what now?
Now we have mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin.
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TRANSCRIPTION ACGATACCCTGA DNA Sequence: mRNA Sequence UGC UAU GGG ACU
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Translation Purpose is to make proteins (protein synthesis) from mRNA.
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Protein Synthesis Overview
Two processes are required: 1. Transcription: DNA > mRNA 2. Translation: mRNA > protein
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What is Translation? mRNA is on a ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome
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Reading the DNA code Every group of 3 mRNA bases makes a single amino acid Codon- triplet (3) of mRNA bases
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The Genetic Code
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ACGATACCCTGACGA
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Transcription vs. Translation Review
genetic information in DNA is copied onto mRNA Occurs in the nucleus DNA mRNA Translation information in mRNA is used to make a protein at a ribosome Occurs on a Ribosome mRNA protein
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3 Types of RNA: Messenger RNA: Transfer RNA: Ribosomal RNA:
(mRNA) carries nucleotide sequence from nucleus to ribosome Transfer RNA: (tRNA) picks up amino acid in cytoplasm and carries them to ribosome Ribosomal RNA: (rRNA)found in ribosome, joins mRNA and tRNA; forms protein
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