1. Intranasal Glucagon Investigators
Intranasal Glucagon for Treatment of Insulin-Induced Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Noninferiority Study
Featured Article:
Michael R. Rickels, Katrina J. Ruedy, Nicole C. Foster, Claude A. Piché, Hélène Dulude, Jennifer L. Sherr, William V. Tamborlane, Kathleen E. Bethin, Linda A. DiMeglio, R. Paul Wadwa, Andrew J. Ahmann, Michael J. Haller, Brandon M. Nathan, Santica M. Marcovina, Emmanouil Rampakakis, Linyan Meng, and Roy W. Beck, for the T1D Exchange
Intranasal Glucagon Investigators
Diabetes Care
Volume 39: 264–270
February 2016

2. STUDY OBJECTIVE
To compare a needle-free intranasal glucagon preparation with intramuscular glucagon for treatment of insulin-induced hypoglycemia
Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

3. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Randomized crossover noninferiority trial was conducted
Study included 75 adults with type 1 diabetes and compared intranasal versus intramuscular glucagon for treatment of hypoglycemia induced by intravenous insulin
Success was defined as an increase in plasma glucose to ≥70 or ≥20 mg/dL from the glucose nadir within 30 min after receiving glucagon
Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

4. RESULTS
Mean plasma glucose at time of glucagon administration was 48 ± 8 and 49 ± 8 mg/dL at the intranasal and intramuscular visits, respectively
Success criteria were met at all but one intranasal visit and at all intramuscular visits
Mean time to success was 16 min for intranasal and 13 min for intramuscular
Head/facial discomfort was reported during 25% of intranasal and 9% of intramuscular dosing visits; nausea occurred with 35% and 38% of visits, respectively
Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

5. Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

6. Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

7. Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

8. Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270

9. CONCLUSIONS
Intranasal glucagon was highly effective in treating insulin-induced hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes
Rickels M.R. et al. Diabetes Care 2016;39:264–270