1. Fig. 3 Measurement of real-world, high-risk opioid use events.
Measurement of real-world, high-risk opioid use events. (A) Overview of experimental sequence. Testing was performed in an SIF (InSite). (B and C) Sensitivity and specificity for respiratory depression (RD) and central apnea events (CAE). (D) Postinjection respiratory rate on a smartphone versus reference standard. (E) Postinjection central apnea event detection on a smartphone versus reference standard. (F to I) Smartphone breathing signals (amplitude over time) of four subjects whom InSite staff physically checked on after injection. (F) Overdose: Subject exhibits multiple central apnea periods, followed by deep breath. (G) Overdose: Subject exhibits respiratory depression with an average respiratory rate of four breaths per minute. (H) Intervention: Subject exhibits central apnea, is aroused by staff, and becomes agitated. (I) Intervention: Subject slouches after injection and staff physically check on patient, whose breathing does not meet respiratory depression or central apnea thresholds.
Rajalakshmi Nandakumar et al., Sci Transl Med 2019;11:eaau8914
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