1. H19 was essential for cancer metastasis.
H19 was essential for cancer metastasis. (A) The classification for pair comparison between cell clones with differently metastatic potency (group N, nonmetastatic clones; group W, weakly metastatic clones; group H, highly metastatic clones). (B) qRT-PCR analysis of H19 abundance in 16 heterogeneous subclones isolated from the primary tumor of one TA2 mice with spontaneous breast cancer and normalized to that in clone 1. (C) qRT-PCR assessment of H19 abundance in metastatic 168FARN, 4TO7, and 4T1 cells and nonmetastatic 67NR cells and normalized to that in mouse mammary epithelial Scp2 cells. (D) qRT-PCR assessment of H19 abundance in TA2-C13 and TA2-C47 cells infected with lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA) control or H19 shRNA and normalized to U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA). (E) IVIS bioluminescence imaging of mice (n = 3 each) or extracted tissue from syngeneic TA1 mice 4 weeks after orthotopic injection of TA2-C13 and TA2-C47 cells transfected with luciferase and H19 shRNA or control shRNA. (F) The circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and metastatic lesions were calculated from syngeneic TA1 mice 4 weeks after orthotopic injection of TA2-C13 and TA2-C47 cells transfected with luciferase and H19 shRNA or control shRNA. (G) qRT-PCR assessment of H19 abundance of primary tumors from 48 primary breast cancer (PBC) patients and of metastases from 60 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients and normalized to U6 snRNA (Sh-Ctr, shRNA control; Sh-H19, H19 shRNA). Data are means ± SD from three independent experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P <
Wu Zhou et al., Sci. Signal. 2017;10:eaak9557
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