1. Preoperational Period
Piaget
Stage Two
Preoperational Period
Ages 2-7 yrs
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2. Logic? Assimilation and accommodation
Children form concepts in their minds
Concepts: general categories of objects and information
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3. All things in the air are birds.
Logic?
All things in the air are birds.
Then they learn the difference between birds and planes.
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4. These are all apples because they are red
Logical Thinking
Another Example
These are all apples because they are red
The preschooler knew that apples were red. When he saw a red tomato he assumed that is was an apple too.
Children are actively construct their own understanding of concepts and “operations” (such as cause and effect, number, classification, and logical reasoning)
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5. Preoperational Stage
Basic mental operations start replacing sensorimotor activities as the primary way to learn.
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6. Language & Grammar A rule is a rule I “eated” my apple No, it’s “ate”
Children learn mostly by language and mental images
A rule is a rule
I “eated” my apple
No, it’s “ate”
Then I “ated” my apple
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7. Language and Grammar
basketti
Shocolate
Cheesecake
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8. Preoperational Stage
Make-believe play is used to create and express all kinds of mental images
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9. Everyone views the world like I do.
Preoperational Stage
Egocentrism
Everyone views the world like I do.
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10. Preoperational Stage Egocentrism
The sun follows them from place to place and goes to bed when they do
Problems with reversibility—can’t see the world from other's perspectives
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11. Preoperational Stage Children are prone to thinking errors
Just as a walking toddler is prone to missteps
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12. use feeling to solve problems rather than logic
Preoperational Stage
use feeling to solve problems rather than logic
I don’t want to go to sleep! I’m not tired!
He hurt my feelings so I hit him!
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13. Preoperational Stage
Begin learning multiple classification– the ability to understand that an object may fit into more than one category
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14. Preoperational Stage
Begin learning seriation—the ability to order groups of things by size, weight, or any common property
For example arranging beads on a bracelet from smallest to largest
Preschool children cannot arrange themselves by height
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15. Preoperational Stage Conservation
They think the same amount of liquid is more when poured into a tall thin glass.
To them taller means more!
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16. Another example of conservation
Preoperational Stage
Another example of conservation
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17. Preoperational Stage
Parts to Whole
What is this?
A Banana
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18. Preoperational Stage They use synergetic reasoning:
A break in logic, changing set of criteria
Example: Mother usually makes dinner before dad comes home so making dinner causes dad to come home.
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19. Preoperational Stage Making Muffins
First, you put all of the white powder in a bowl. Then you pour milk into it. Stir and pour in metal cups that are hooked together. Now hurry and put in the oven because we are late for school.
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20. Preoperational Stage Intuitive reasoning—They guess!!
Which line has more marbles?
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21. My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween
Preoperational Stage
Time
My birthday is before Christmas and after Halloween
Relate time with events
-Time to eat lunch
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22. Preoperational Stage Time Are we there yet? Are we there yet?
Are we there yet? (And) Five more minutes?
Time concepts are one of the last to develop
They can not see time passing by
-there are no physical changes to the days of the week
Five more minutes means more time to play for a preschooler. They have no concept of how long 5 minutes will last.
Are we there yet?
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23. Preoperational Stage
Children may not be aware of what is real and what is make-believe
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24. Piaget In general we learn:
Children learn to master one skill before another
Children learn in their own ways
And not as adults do!!
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25. Drawing Scribbling (around ages 1-2)
You can tell a lot about cognitive development by looking at a child’s drawings.
-drawing is not symbolic of anything
-Child enjoys the movement of the arm and hand
-color is of little importance
Scribbling
(around ages 1-2)
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26. Drawing
Basic Shapes
(around ages 2 1/2-3)
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27. Drawing
Symbolic Basic Shapes
(around ages 3-4)
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28. Drawing
Combined Forms
(around ages 5-7)
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29. Draws trees and other objects
Drawing
Draws trees and other objects
at right angles to the
slope of a hill
Remember that they draw things how they see them
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30. Is that a drawing of two caterpillars?
No! It's my
mom and dad!
Never assume you know what a preschool child has drawn.
They have to good of an imagination.
A safe way to find out is by saying, “Tell me about your drawing.”
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31. Drawing
draw first then decide
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