1. 8.1 Solutions Obj 1
Chemistry

2. Essential Questions What is a solution?
How do you identify the solute and the solvent?
What factors affect the rate of dissolving and why?
How can you tell the difference between saturated, supersaturated, and unsaturated solutions?
What affects solubility?

3. Review (optional to write)
Remember solutions can contain solids, liquids, or gases as long as it is homogenous
Soluble: something that is able to be dissolved
Insoluble: something that is unable to be dissolved

4. Solution Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances
Homogenous means “the same throughout”
For a solution to exists the substance being dissolved must be soluble

5. Parts of a Solution Two parts of a solution Example: Saltwater
Solvent: does the dissolving
Solute: part that is dissolved
Example: Saltwater
Salt is solute
Water is solvent

6. How do you tell which is which?
For a solid or gas dissolved in liquid solutions: the solute is the solid/gas and the solvent is the liquid
For other types of solutions: the substance that has the greater amount is the solvent
If water is the solvent it is called an aqueous solution.

7. Dissolving
The process of dissolving is when the individual particles of the solute become surrounded by the particles of the solvent

8. Dissolving (cont)

9. Dissolving (cont) Recall like dissolves like (polar dissolves polar)
Ionic compounds will be soluble in polar solvents because the polar molecule’s charged ends will attract to the ions

10. Dissolving (cont)
Ionic compounds (metal and nonmetal) will break down into the individual ions as they dissolve.

11. Dissolving (cont)
Covalent compounds (nonmetals) will separate into molecules, but retain same structure.

12. Factors Affecting Dissolving Rates
Surface area: increasing surface area allows the particles of the solute to be more accessible to the solvent.
Stirring/agitation: stirring allows solvent to mix with the solute increasing dissolving rate
Temperature: as temperature increases the kinetic energy/speed of the particles increases so the particles collide more. (except gases)

13. Concentration
Concentration is the amount of solute compared to amount of solvent
Dilute vs. Concentrated
Dilute solutions have relatively less solute than concentrated solutions
DILUTE
CONCENTRATED

14. Saturated Solutions
Concentration can also be described in terms of saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated
What does saturated mean?
The maximum amount of solute has been dissolved into the solvent
What does unsaturated mean?
More solute could be dissolved into the solvent so less then the maximum amount

15. Saturated Solutions (cont)
What does supersaturated mean?
Contains more solute then the saturated solution
Solutions become supersaturated by heating up the solution to dissolve additional solute
After the supersaturated solution cools if more solute is added the extra precipitates out as a solid

16. Saturated Solutions (cont)
When a solute is added to test a solution’s saturation

17. Solubility
Solubility is a way of measuring the amount of solute dissolved into a given quantity of solvent
Typically it is g of solute per 100 g solvent
Solubility is affected by temperature and pressure, but pressure only affects gaseous solutes

18. Essential Questions What is a solution?
How do you identify the solute and the solvent?
What factors affect the rate of dissolving and why?
How can you tell the difference between saturated, supersaturated, and unsaturated solutions?
What affects solubility?

19. 8.1 Tracked Assignment
Worksheet