1. Principle of Popular Sovereignty
Quiz Notes

2. Popular sovereignty – belief that the people hold the final ruling power
Voter registration – state requirement to sign up to vote in advance of an election
Electoral college – people elected by state voters to choose the President
Polls – place where people go to vote
Eligible – qualified
Contract – formal agreement

3. The purpose of government is to
1. establish justice
2. secure liberty
3. provide defense
The government receives the power to rule from the people.
The framers of the Constitution held that a contract exists between the people and the government.

4. The people carry out their ruling power by electing representatives to make laws.
In 1789, the right to vote was limited to all white men over age 21 who owned property.
In the Constitution, the people grant the federal government its powers and put limits on those powers.

5. Amendment 17 provides that the people shall elect members of the Senate.
Article 1, Section 2, provides that the people shall elect members of the House of Representatives.
Article 2, Section 1, provides that the people shall elect members of the electoral college to choose the President.
Amendment 19 grants women the right to vote.
Amendment 26 grants 18 year-olds the right to vote.

6. Principle of Limited Government

7. Amendment – change or addition
Balanced budget – plan in which the government cannot spend more money than it takes in
Denied – not granted
National debt – money the federal government owes
Limited government – government that is not all-powerful
Bill of Rights – additions to the Constitution that guarantee individual freedoms

8. The failures of the AOC showed that the new government had to be powerful
The Constitution limits the powers of government to those granted by the people.
The Constitution makes clear the powers of the government by stating the powers of Congress, President and the role of the judiciary.
After the Revolution, Americans feared a strong government.

9. The Constitution spells out the powers denied to the national government and the state governments.
The framers were afraid of a strong government because of their experiences during colonial rule by Great Britain.

10. Article 1, Section 8, Clause 5, gives Congress the power to coin money.
Article 1, Section 9, Clause 7, denies the federal government the power to spend money unless Congress passes a law allowing it.
Article 1, Section 10, Clause 1, denies state governments the power to coin money and to make treaties.
Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1, gives the President the power to grant a pardon.
Amendment 1 guarantees that the people have the right to petition the government.

11. Principle of Federalism

12. Federalism – division of power between the national government and the state governments
Concurrent powers – powers shared by the national government and the state governments
Supreme – without limits; over all others
Delegated powers – powers assigned to the national government
“elastic clause” – provision that allows Congress to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its powers

13. Reserved powers – powers set aside for the state governments
The framers chose federalism in order to achieve a stronger national government.
The powers of the national government include the powers of Congress and the President.
Powers delegated to Congress include the power to declare war.
Powers delegated to the President include the power to make treaties.

14. Powers reserved to the states include the power to establish schools.
Powers shared by the national government and state governments include the power to regulate interstate and foreign trade.

15. Article 1, Section 8, describes the delegated powers of the Congress.
Article 2, Section 2, describes the delegated powers of the President.
Amendment 10 states that powers not delegated to the national gov. and not denied to the states are reserved to the state government.
Article 1, Section 8 Clause 18, gives congress the power to make laws to exercise its other powers.

16. Article 1, Section 10, Clauses 2 and 3, deny certain powers to the state government without consent of the congress.
The Constitution does not list the reserved powers of the state governments.