1. Integrating Theory

2. Approaches to Integration…
1. Technical eclecticism- integrating techniques from various theories
2. Theoretical integration- blending of theories to create a richer, broader theoretical framework
3. Common factors approach- using theories that share common theoretical factors

3. Trends… Integration of spirituality in counseling
How comfortable/uncomfortable are you in dealing with religious and spiritual issues with a client?

4. Trends… Creating a separate multicultural theory of counseling
Do you agree or disagree with this trend? Should existing theories just be expanded to fit diverse clients?

5. Therapist’s Role
When integrating theories, therapist should consider the following:
Does the therapist’s role stay consistent among theories? (i.e., active/directive, present-focused, etc.)
Is the structure of the counseling process consistent?
Is the balance of responsibility between client and therapist consistent?

6. Client’s experience… When integrating theories…
Does goal of therapy remain consistent with client’s presenting problem, expectations?
Will integration of theories serve to enhance client’s experience and outcomes or will it confuse or hinder client?
Does client’s cultural, ethnic, gender, etc. remain consistent with theories?

7. Take home points…

8. Integrating Theory… 1st Step: Know Your Theory Understand core beliefs
Understand constructs
Know the process
What constitutes psychological health, well-being, success?

9. Integrating Theory… 2nd Step: Know Your Client
Know demographics (age, gender, sexual orientation, physical ability, religion, ethnicity, etc.) and understand the impact these characteristics have on the client
Know pertinent information about client according to theoretical constructs (cognitive theory=understand client’s thoughts; behavioral therapy=understand productive or destructive behavior, etc.)
Ask yourself if the clients presenting problem fits with theory (i.e., a young college student wants help dealing with feelings of frustration at school, however the counselor subscribes to the RET therapist who wants to focus on relationships)