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TOP 10 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
The Cold War TOP 10 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW
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1 “Cold” war = no direct fighting
Rhetoric – “evil empire”, ”noisy shopkeepers” Proxy wars Korea Vietnam Afghanistan (1980s)
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Setting the stage – conferences at end of WWII
2 Setting the stage – conferences at end of WWII 1945 Yalta Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill Discuss partition of Germany into 4 zones of occupation, reparations, Polish post-war boundaries, and the entrance of USSR into war with Japan. 1945 Potsdam Stalin, Truman and Atlee Discuss outstanding issues – disagreement between U.S. and U.S.S.R. over the treatment of Germany and Poland
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Establishing spheres of influence
3 Establishing spheres of influence Liberation from Nazis Creates eastern and western zones Contributed to US decision to use nuclear bombs on Japan – didn’t want it to fall into Soviet sphere
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Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan
4 Eastern sphere – communist ruled over by USSR Eastern Europe: buffer states (satellite states) Western sphere – supported by liberal USA Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan
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5 Germany Broken into pieces to prevent it from falling into the sphere of influence of opposing superpower 4 sectors Berlin in Soviet sector but also broken into 4 sectors
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6 Iron Curtain Each refuses to interact with the other (limited trade, diplomatic talks) – as if there is a wall or curtain separating them Physical symbol – Berlin Wall
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7 Military alliances NATO Established after Berlin blockade (1948)
Warsaw Pact Established in 1955 as a counter to NATO power
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Social impact of cold war
8 Social impact of cold war Baby Boomers – generation growing up during the Cold War Influenced their outlook - untrusting of government and social norms Counter-culture (hippies) Anti-war movements “Peaceniks” Rights movements Environment, women, racial equality
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Social Implications of Cold War
9 Social Implications of Cold War Cold War Hysteria Threat of Nuclear War McCarthyism and the Red Scare
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Military Industrial Complex
10 Military Industrial Complex Eisenhower predicted having a large standing army (instead of calling up military when needed) would create the situation where military becomes a vital aspect of the economy = will encourage war to maintain its power and government funding.
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