1. Sustainable Development
What does that really mean today? What are the challenges?

2. Sustainable Development Definitions
Normative definition
Development that meets the needs and aspirations of the current generation without compromising the ability to meet those of future generations.
Our definition (Stakeholder Theory)
Development which enables individuals and communities in underdeveloped regions of the world to raise living standards through profitable products, consistent with minimizing adverse environmental effects

3. Sustainability Major components: Environmental Economic Social Equity
“People, Planet, and Profits”

4. Environmental Sustainability
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Developing countries are often really GOOD at this
Eco-efficiency
Being “less bad”
As nations develop, and we seek their resources, it’s our responsibility also to be sure the needs of native populations are met as we take what we need or want.

5. We need more than established global firms to cooperate.
A systems approach is required:
How do we make sustainable communities?
How do we make sustainable business eco systems?
How do we initiate the process? Let’s turn our attention to developing nations…

6. Economic Sustainability requires that as business owners, we ask such questions as
Who is paying for your product?
User
NGO
Government
Will they keep paying?
Why?
What is the value your product brings to the area?

7. Social Sustainability requires firms to ask:
Does our product fit into its social context?
Are there people with the level of skill needed to repair/maintain our product?
Does your product make people’s lives better?
Does any part of making/using/disposing of our product harm people?

8. Appropriate Technology
Simple, Low-cost, Local (but effective)
Labor-intensive methods
Low capital costs
Use, Maintenance are simple
Good Example:
Tiny Housing in Crowded Area

9. Why Appropriate Technology?
Socially sustainable
semi-skilled labor jobs
employs available skills, teaches new ones
fits into social context
familiar

10. Why Appropriate Technology?
Economically sustainable, as shown in example
uses readily available labor
avoids using scarce capital
avoids work stoppages associated with importing spare parts, foreign experts
Large factories in developing countries often run below capacity
Scalable on village level and village to village (consider issues of poor transportation and communication)

11. Stakeholder analysis
A systematic way to make sure you address everyone who will be affected by your product.
Everyone = those who are more powerful, less powerful, affluent, poor, etc.

12. Why is this important?
Some stakeholders can affect the success of your project (government officials, prominent citizens)
Despite the goal of making products that poor people can afford, we care about development within an area, not just profits.
But profits are also a measure of progress, and profits can elevate the lives of all stakeholders

13. Reasonable, Responsible Approach to Stakeholder Analysis If A Firm Seeks Resources or Business Opportunities in Developing Nations
Define clearly who the stakeholder is
Define how important this stakeholder is for the success of the business
What precisely do I need from this stakeholder? positive contribution? Avoidance of negative?
What motivates this stakeholder? How is this stakeholder rewarded?
How to reach the Stakeholder? Influencers?
How can I get the stakeholder to help me in my goal?
What do I do if the stakeholder is negative (how to reduce risks)?

14. What Went Wrong?
Exxon Mobil in Papua New Guinea