1. Hand and Power Tools This presentation will explore:
Typical Hand Tools
Typical Electrical Tools
Typical Air Tools

2. Typical Spanners
Combination spanners have an open jaw on one end and a ring on the other. Each end is typically the same size.
Combination spanners
Ring spanners have the closed ring at both ends. Each end will typically be a different size. They have 6 or 12 point openings.
Ring spanners
Offset ring spanners allow access to nuts and bolts that are not easily accessible. 15° offset ring spanners are shown.
Offset ring spanners
Ratchet spanners remove the need to ‘re-set’ the spanner for each new turn of the nut or bolt.
Ratchet spanner

3. Other spanners / wrenches
An adjustable wrench has jaws that can be opened or closed to fit a wide range of nuts or bolts. They are not as strong as open end spanners and are typically only used in emergency situations.
Adjustable wrench
Allen (hex) keys are hexagonal (six sided) in shape and are used to fit and remove set screws and cap screws.
Allen (hex) keys
Torque wrenches allow nuts and bolts to be tightened to an exact tightness (torque). This is essential in situations such as a cylinder head where the incorrect torque can cause distortion and damage.
Torque wrench

4. Double/deep depth sockets
Ratchets, Sockets and Extensions
Ratchets allow nuts and bolts to be fitted or removed without ‘re-setting’ the tool. The head of a ratchet can either be fixed or flexible.
Ratchet
Standard sockets are used by the ratchet to fit and remove nuts and bolts. They typically have 6 or 12 point openings and come in a variety of imperial and metric sizes.
Standard sockets
Double/deep depth sockets are used when a longer-than-normal reach is required.
Double/deep depth sockets
Spark plug sockets are used for removing spark plugs. They typically have a rubber insert that grips the plug’s insulator.
Spark plug socket

5. Ratchets, Sockets and Extensions
Extension bars allow nuts and bolts to be reached where it would be difficult to rotate the ratchet. They come in a range of lengths, so can be specially chosen for a given situation.
Extension bars
The universal joint allows access to a nut or bolt that is situated in a difficult-to-reach position or is obstructed by another object.
Universal joint
T-bars have a sliding head, so the length of the handle can be varied depending on the situation, in which it is used.
T-bar
(T-handle)

6. Typical Ratchets, Sockets and Extensions
Breaker bars are very strong and are used to loosen large or very tight nuts and bolts.
Breaker bar Power bar
A speed brace/handle can be used to quickly remove a nut or bolt once it has been loosened. It can also be used to quickly fit nuts and bolts, but is not recommended for final tightening.
Speed brace/ handle

7. Pliers
Combination pliers are the most common type. They have serrated jaws and an oval recess for gripping and crimping. They also sometimes have a wire cutter or slip joints.
Combination pliers
Long nose pliers are used to handle small parts and to retrieve components from inaccessible locations.
Long nose pliers
Needle nose pliers perform a similar task to long nose pliers, but the nose is thinner.
Needle nose pliers
Circlip pliers are designed to remove and fit circlips. They have a pair of parallel jointed tips to perform this task.
Circlip pliers

8. Pliers
Side cutters (also known as diagonal cutting pliers) are used for cutting wire and removing split pins. They are more versatile than the cutter included on some combination pliers.
Side cutters
Rib joint (also called water pump) pliers allow the jaws to be adjusted over a wide range of opening sizes. While doing this the jaws also remain parallel to each other.
Rib joint pliers
Mole grips (also called vise grips or locking pliers) are used to clamp a component or components in place, freeing the operator’s hands to perform another task.
Mole/vise grips

9. Hammers
The ball peen hammer has a flat face for general hammering work and a round end (ball) that is used for shaping metal. Ball peen hammers are available in a variety of sizes.
Ball peen hammer
A copper and hide hammer has a copper face that is soft and used when you do not want to mark a hammered surface. The hide face is used when light blows are required on an easily damaged part.
Copper and hide hammer

10. Hammers
Rubber mallets are used on sheet metals or plastic parts, as the hammer bounces when it strikes. This would make it inefficient on solid metal parts.
Rubber mallet
A plastic and rubber hammer is used when light, non-marking blows are required.
Plastic and rubber hammer

11. Screwdrivers
A slotted (also called a standard) screwdriver has a single blade that fits slot screw heads.
Slotted screwdriver
Phillips screwdrivers have two crossing blades that fit cross-head screws.
Phillips screwdriver
Pozidriv screwdrivers are similar to Phillips screwdrivers, except that the tip is longer and narrower, so providing better engagement in the screw.
Pozidriv screwdriver
Ratchet screwdrivers are normally provided with a number of interchangeable tips and blades of different types and sizes.
Ratchet screwdriver

12. Chisels and Punches
Chisels are used to cut metal, and remove rivet heads and rusty nuts & bolts. Flat chisels are shown, but there are many different shaped chisels used for different applications.
Flat chisels
Centre punches are used to mark material before drilling and components for reassembly purposes.
Centre punches

13. Chisels and Punches
Drift (also called starting) punches have a tapered shank and are more robust than pin punches. These can be used to start removing shafts, rods and pins before changing to a pin punch.
Drift punches
Pin (also called parallel) punches have a straight shank and are used to remove shafts, rods and pins once the drift punch has been used.
Pin punches

14. Gauges
Feeler gauges are used to measure small clearances between parts. Feeler gauge sizes are either in thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter.
Feeler gauges
Dial gauges measure movement, for example, differential backlash, disc runout, camshaft wear, etc.
Dial gauge
A caliper gauge can take inside, outside and depth measurements. It can have either a sliding scale (as shown) or a dial gauge to show the measurements.
Vernier caliper gauge
Micrometers are used to make very precise measurements. Outside (shown), inside and depth micrometers are available.
Micrometer

15. Gauges
The brake disc vernier caliper is specially designed to accurately measure the thickness of a brake disc. A micrometer may be used in place of this gauge.
Brake disc vernier caliper
Telescopic gauges are used to measure internal sizes. Once set to the correct size, they are removed and measured with a micrometer.
Telescopic gauges
Tyre pressure gauges measure the air pressure in a tyre. Measurements are typically in bar or psi.
Tyre pressure gauge
Tyre tread depth gauges are used to measure the depth of a tyre’s tread.
Tyre tread depth gauge

16. Electrical Tools
Electric hand drills are used for portable drilling operations. They come in a number of sizes and can either be connected to the AC outlet or battery powered.
Electric drill
An electric grinder is used to smooth new welds on vehicle panels and to de-burr rough edges. A range of grinding wheels are available for different applications.
Electric grinder
An electric sander is used to smooth and clean surfaces. It can be used during bodywork repairs. A range of sanding discs are available for different applications.
Electric sander

17. Air Tools
An air impact wrench allows nuts and bolts to be quickly fitted and removed. Special heavy-duty sockets are used by air impact wrenches. A button is used to control the direction of rotation.
Air impact wrench
An air ratchet is often used in situations where there is no space to move the handle of a hand ratchet.
Air ratchet
An air sander, like an electric sander, is used to smooth and clean surfaces. A range of sanding discs are available for different applications.
Air sander

18. Typical Air Tools
An air grinder, like the electric grinder, is typically used to smooth new welds on vehicle panels and to de-burr rough edges.
Air grinder
An air drill can have its speed varied to match the task it is performing. A number of attachments allow it to also sand, grind and polish.
Air drill
Air blow guns are used to clean and dry parts and remove loose dirt from around components. Eye protection must be worn when using an air blow gun.
Air blow gun