1. Goal 3 Part 3 America as a World Power
Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy
Dollar and Moral Diplomacy
Panama Canal

2. The Essentials… USH2.H.3.1 What I should know…
Analyze how economic, political, social, military and religious factors influenced United States imperialism
What I should know…
How United States Presidents and their administrations developed and implemented imperial foreign policy strategies.
How the leaders and citizens of other nations reacted to the expansion of United States power and influence within their countries and others

3. AFTER the Spanish American War (1898)
U.S becomes a
“world power or a world presence”
McKinley is Assassinated
Teddy Roosevelt is appointed
In 1900 (Progressive)
Square Deal / Bully Pulpit
Trust-busting / Regulation
Conservation / Health / Environment
PANAMA CANAL

4. Panama Canal A “canal” that cuts through Central America
Purpose: greatly reduce travel time for
(1) “Commercial Trade” and
(2) “Military / Naval maneuvering ”- ships are provided a shortcut between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans!

5. Possible Canal Routes (1) Nicaragua or (2) Panama (choice)
Problem: U.S. needs permission from COLOMBIA before building the Panama Canal; (Colombia owned Panama)

6. Panamanian Revolution (1903)
Panama rebels against Colombia
American sponsored??????
Result: Panama wins!
U.S. pays Panama $10 million and an annual rent of $250,000.00

7. Teddy Roosevelt digging out the Panama Canal (dirt)

9. “Speak Softly and Carry a Big Stick”
Old West African Proverb used by Teddy Roosevelt to explain his Latin American policy (BIG STICK POLICY) *Maintain peace…but threaten with authority*

11. THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY (1904)
*** An extension of the Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary:
- a “Latin American” policy that allowed America to be able to “exercise international POLICE power”
Use force, if it calls for it, to protect American interests in Latin America
“Policemen in the
Western Hemisphere”
“BIG STICK POLICY”

12. ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO THE MONROE DOCTRINE

13. Dollar Diplomacy
William Taft (President after Roosevelt ) arranged American bankers to LOAN money to Latin America, later adopted by Woodrow Wilson
Overall Outcome: U.S. government will “GUARANTEE” loans made to Latin American countries that are made by American businesses
Purpose: PROTECTION OF INVESTMENTS
To have a U.S. presence in Latin America

14. Woodrow Wilson’s MORAL Diplomacy
Gave the Monroe Doctrine /
Roosevelt Corollary a “MORAL” tone!
POINT: Moral Diplomacy
Woodrow Wilson WILL NOT recognize any Latin American country that is oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to U.S. interests!
This HELPS spread Democracy!!!!
Problem: MEXICO gets ANGRY!!! (Mexican government DID NOT care about their citizens)

15. Mexican Revolution Mexican government became hostile
Rebels under the leadership of Francisco “Pancho” Villa and Emiliano Zapata opposed the Mexican government (Government in Mexico DID NOT have support from Mexicans)!
Pancho Villa is supported by Wilson and America!

16. Mexican Rebel leader Pancho Villa

17. Pancho Villa (revolutionary)
Problem: Wilson recognizes the “hostile” Mexican government …Pancho Villa gets Angry!
Pancho’s trick:
Invite the Americans to Mexico
for job opportunities…
got off the train and Pancho
Villa shot all 17 Americans!
*Pancho Villa invades New Mexico!
America =  =
Pancho Villa Raids

18. Wilson’s Response to Pancho Villa “CHASING VILLA”
John J. Pershing was sent to
capture Pancho Villa , dead or alive!
America set up on the border
Mexico = ANGRY!!!!!
War is about to break out!!!!

19. BIG TURN OF EVENTS
Wilson orders John J. Pershing to return home…war was called off (WITH MEXICO)
Why?
WWI had been going on in Europe for three years at that point (1917)
U.S. isn’t “directly” involved in WWI until 1917
U.S. needs PEACE with Southern borders, so they can concentrate on WWI
(ONE war at a time….where did we learn that??)
Remember: U.S. entry into WWI (1917) ends the Progressive Era and the Pancho Villa Raids

20. Legacies of America Imperialism in early 20th century
Expanded foreign markets
Built up the Navy (in order to compete and to protect interests/investments in foreign markets)
U.S. exercised it’s “dominant” international police power in Latin America
*Most Significant:
America emerged as a “ WORLD POWER ” after the Spanish-American War (1898)