1. The Vietnam War

2. Overview Keep communism from spreading.
3 million soldiers sent, 60,000 killed, 304,000 wounded
$150 billion
Divided a country for years

3. Ho Chi Minh B. 1890, wanted communism to come to Vietnam.
Created a league for independence: Vietminh
Began a guerilla war vs. Japan

5. Ho Chi Minh

6. U.S. Intervention Truman would not recognize Ho’s state.
Backed French at retaking the country. ($15 Million)
Began paying for France’s war: 80%, would send no troops
Eisenhower feared a domino effect

7. Fall of Dien Bien Phu Defeat of the French (1954)

8. U.S. refuse to allow the Vietnamese to have a country wide vote.
Supported Ngo Dinh Diem for control.
He was more repressive than Minh.

10. Buddhist Protest against Diem government 1963

12. Revolutionary Groups
Vietminh: North
Vietcong: South

13. U.S. Response Kennedy Ok’s overthrow of Diem
Diem finally surrenders, and is murdered
16,000 “advisors” in the country by 1963
Johnson escalates conflict much further

14. Duong Van Minh coup 1963

15. Nguyen Cao Ky military dictatorship 1965

18. War Escalates Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964):
President can reply as he sees fit
By 1965 there are 100,000 troops in Vietnam
Johnson orders bombing of North Vietnam
By 1967, 500,000 troops

20. Major Problem Who the heck is the enemy? p.738
U.S. is losing war, Johnson sends in more troops, and more machines
Cannot find the V.C.
Win the hearts of the countryside, guerrillas will have nowhere to hide

21. By 1967; 3 million refugees in S.V. Search and destroy missions
“We had to destroy the town in order to save it.”
Napalm and Agent Orange

22. War Protests at home

23. Protest in many different ways:
Marches
Protest rallies
Protest songs by popular artists
Violent eruptions
Civil disobedience

25. Robert F. Kennedy

26. Hubert H. Humphrey

27. Campaign of 1968

28. Kent State Massacre (5/4/70)

32. Allison Krause 350 feet away shot through the arm and chest
                                    
Allison Krause 350 feet away shot through the arm and chest
Jeff Miller 275 feet away shot through the head
Sandy Scheuer 400 feet away shot through the throat
Bill Schroeder 400 feet away shot in the back

34. Results of protests 200,000 accused of draft dodging
4,000 sent to prison
Thousands of people injured or killed
No change in Johnson’s policy

35. Tet Offensive (1968) V.C. launch a major attack on a cease fire day.
Attack 100 cities at once
Shocks U.S. civilians and leaders
In Hue, 2,000 civilians murdered
By now Johnson’s ratings: 35%

36. US Marines retake Hue Tet Offensive

43. The End of the War Johnson does not run in ’68
Due to total loss of backing
Decides to finally negotiate a ceasefire
Nixon wins election
Begins withdrawing troops (60,000)

44. Nixon favors Vietnamization
Peace with honor
By 1972, only 25,000 troops were left
1/27/73 first settlement reached
4/30/75 Saigon falls

46. Vietnam Today

47. Memories of Vietnam

51. Ch. 23

52. United Farm Workers Founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta
Used Non violence

53. Grape Boycott 1965 Large farms would not recognize the union
Went nation wide to convince supermarkets and consumers not to buy grapes
1970 contract between UFW and Grape growers

54. Brown Berets Organized walkouts in East LA High schools
Wanted smaller classes, more Chicano teachers and administrators
Programs to reduce the dropout rate

55. La Raza Unida Mexican-Americans United Political party
Ran candidates in 5 state elections

56. Native Americans
Were seen as one group when really many different nations
Had a history of being the poorest
Had highest unemployment rate
High rate of TB and Alcoholism

57. Termination 1954 Tribal governments terminated
Moved off of reservations and into Urban cities
Goal was the combat the poverty

58. American Indian Movement
Not satisfied with the slow reform
Militant
Began as a self defense group against police brutality

59. Trail of Broken Treaties March
1972
Protest all the treaties that had been made and broken by the US government
Wanted an end to the BIA
Occupied the BIA

63. Women Fight for Equality
Ch. 23 Section 2
Women Fight for Equality

64. Women 12% in 1950 had jobs, 40% by end of 1970’s Women’s roles change
Had to have a job
Divorce rates skyrocket
Fewer children

65. National Organization for Women Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique
Feminist movement
National Organization for Women
Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique
Need fulfillment other than marriage

66. NOW National Organization of Women Pushed for the creation of
child-care facilities
End of sex-segregated job ads

67. Equal Rights Amendment
Gave men and women the same rights under the law
Introduced in 1923 not passed until 1972, but still needed to be ratified

68. Stop-ERA Led by Phyllis Schlafly and other conservatives
Feared ERA would lead to
Drafting of women
End of laws protecting homemakers
End of the husbands responsibility to provide for his family
Same sex marriage

69. Culture and Counterculture
Ch. 23 Section 3
Culture and Counterculture

70. Counterculture Mostly white middle class college age youth
Did not challenge system
Wanted to create a whole new society

71. Hippie Culture Drug Use Communes
Both eventually led to the down fall of the movement

72. Andy Warhol

73. Woodstock music and art fair