1. Mendelian Genetics
Vocabulary

2. 1. Mitosis
Cell division process that results in two identical body cells.

3. 2. Meiosis
Cell division process that results in 4 haploid gametes.

4. 3. Gametes
Sex cells: eggs and sperm

5. 4. Chromosomes
Long strands of DNA with many genes coding for traits

6. 5. Genes
Sections of DNA that code for particular proteins (traits). Eg: a gene for hand preference.

7. 6. alleles
Particular versions of a gene. Eg: the allele for left handedness

8. 7. Traits
Inherited characteristics

9. 8. Haploid
A cell (like a gamete) with only one set of chromosomes.

10. 9. Diploid
A cell (like a body cell) with two sets of chromosomes.

11. 10. Homozygous
Having two of the same allele for a trait (one from mom, one from dad). Eg: TT, or tt

12. 11. Heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a trait (one from mom, one from dad). Eg: Tt

13. 12. Dominant allele
An allele that is always expressed when present. Represented with an upper-case letter.

14. 13. Recessive allele
An allele that is only expressed when homozygous. Represented with the dominant allele’s letter, but lower case.

15. 14. Genotype
The actual genetic makeup an individual has for a trait. Eg: TT, Tt, or tt

16. 15. Phenotype
The trait expressed as a result of the genotype. Eg: tall or short

17. 16. Zygote
The single diploid cell resulting from the fusing of haploid sperm and eggs during fertilization.