1. 5G Technology Enablers, Regulatory Environment and Business Models
Stojan Kitanov
Faculty of Informatics
Mother Teresa University
Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia

2. Contents Introduction Key Technologies to Enable 5G
5G RAN Architecture Extensions
5G Topology Flexibility
Regulatory Environment for 5G
5G Business Models
Conclusion

3. 1. Introduction 5G Vision The three main uses:
• Massive mobile connectivity, that would enable enhanced
mobile broadband (eMBB);
• Connectivity of millions of devices, that would enable massive type communication (MTC)
• Resilient and Instantaneous Connectivity for ultrareliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

4. 1I. Roadmap Towards 5G

5. III. Key Technologies to 5G Services

6. IV. 5G RAN Architecture Extensions
New Air Interface
CP-OFDM – to introduce flexibility in OFDM and mitigate Inter Symbol Interference
Massive MIMO – large numbers of bearers to increase bandwidth in sub-6GHz bands
mmWave – provides access to broad frequency bands for higher bandwidths
Beam Forming – extends range/cell size for mmWave bands
Shortened TTI – reduces latency
Flexibility in band sizing – allows previously unavailable bands to be used UE
Other RAN innovations
CoMP – UE attached to multiple cells to provide greater reliability
Small cell support – greater indoor coverage, increased cell density, self-backhauling
5G-NR in unlicensed bands – extension of mobile ecosystem
Session management split from mobility management – enabler for RAN slicing
D2D, V2X – devices connecting directly, with no network

7. V. 5G Topology Flexibility
Core,
Policy VNF
Transport VNF
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN) UE
C-RAN
(V)PDG
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
MEC
(RAN, CN)
“Softwarisation” of the network
C-RAN – removal of functionality from cell sites to consolidation point in the network
MEC and Fog Computing – pushing Core Network functions and content ingress to cell sites, or even to the level of Smart mobile devices
CP/UP split – decoupling of user plane traffic from control plane functions

8. VI. Regulatory Environment for 5G
“5G for Europe: An Action Plan”
(5G Action Plan).
The 700 MHz, 3.6 GHz and 26 GHz bands have been identified as key bands for 5G (at present)
66-71 GHz might meet future needs that exhaust the 26 GHz band (for future needs)

9. VII. 5G Business Models
Service Related
Differentiated services

10. V1I. 5G Business Models Service Related
New opportunities from increased demand for ‘connectivity’

11. V1I. 5G Business Models Service Related
New opportunities from increased demand for ‘connectivity’

12. 1I. 5G Business Models
Network Related
Network Densification

13. 1I. 5G Business Models Network Related
Convergence of PPDR-MNO-FWA provision
Infrastructure sharing
Cost and
benefit sharing
Network
investment
Service Development

14. V. Conclusion
5G network will act as a nervous system of the digital society, economy, and everyday people’s life. The cloud in 5G networks will be diffused among the client devices often with mobility too, i.e. the cloud will become fog.
More and more augmented and virtual network functionality will be executed in a fog computing environment, and it will provide mobiquitous service to the users. This will enable new AaaS service paradigms, where devices, terminals, machines, and also smart things and robots will become innovative tools that will produce and use applications, services and data.
Small cells are needed to achieve the high data rates needed for 5G and to exploit mmWave bands.
In the near term, eMBB is likely to be the main driver of 5G deployment.