1. Communication
Anything that alters the behavior of another

2. Communication model Interference Message (signal) Sender Receiver
Feedback

3. Which benefits from the communiqué (message) the sender or the receiver?
Example: A skunk raises its tail at a person. What does the person do? Did the receiver benefit from the communiqué? Did the sender benefit from the communiqué?
                                  

4. Function of Communication
Leads to a higher level of predictability
The receiver can predict what will or will not occur
Allows organisms to lie
Ultimately allows organisms to alter their position in the world so they are more successful

5. Success in Biology
Is measured in the number of offspring.

6. Evolution of Communication
All signals evolve in at least two steps
A signal comes from some adaptive behavior.
The signal becomes ritualized.

7. Evolutionary Sources for Signals
All signals come from 1 of 3 sources:
Autonomic response – a neuronal response, something that cannot be controlled.
example: Blushing

8. 2. Intention movement – a precursor to an action (something that is done before an action)
example: forming a fist
What is it a precursor to?

9. 3. Displacement behavior – a misplaced behavior, something that doesn’t fit or belong in the situation. Releases pent-up energy.
example: Biting fingernails when nervous