1. Non-Biological Evidence

2. Documents

3. Ink
A small dot of the following 3 inks were placed on a piece of chromatography paper, 2 cm from the bottom of the paper.
A – Generic permanent marker
B – Expo dry erase marker
C – Vis-a-Vis wet erase marker
The bottom edge of this paper was then placed in a beaker of water for 30 minutes. The results are shown on the left.
Make a statement about these inks.

4. Ink
Every company and brand used a different ink formula. We can use chromatography to see different mixtures of ink.
Paper chromatography is a process that uses special filter paper to separate and identify the different substances in a mixture.
How chromatography works:
Movement on paper
Heavy (large) molecules stay near the bottom of the paper vs light (small) molecules move towards the top of the paper
Detect different mixtures of ink
Can also use mass spectrometry to detect different ink mixtures.

5. Forgery
The act of duplicating a signature, work of art, check, bank notes, or (legal) documents.
Generally forgeries are made for profit of the forger.
Document experts will examine inks, paper types and composition, chemical reactivity (if possible), carbon dating/aging.

6. Counterfeiting Go to https://moneyfactory.gov/uscurrency.html
You will be looking at the various security features that exist in our US currency.
How does Counterfeiting affect our economy?
For each feature describe the safety feature and explain how it deters counterfeiting of the bill ie what makes this security feature difficult to reproduce and on which denominations of currency this feature can be found:
Security Feature
Description & Interesting Facts
How it Deters Counterfeiting
Currency Denomination
3D Security Strip
Color Shifting Ink
Serial Number
Micro-printing

7. Handwriting
Obtain a handwriting sample and the handwriting characteristics chart.
Using the chart with the twelve characteristics, choose which of the known samples matches the unknown sample at the top of the page. Use at least five characteristics to explain/describe how you know the samples match.

8. Criminal Profiling

9. Stages of Criminal Profiling

10. Stages of Criminal Profiling

11. Victimology
The study of every aspect of the victim or victims life(s).
Studying the victim(s) can often give profilers an insight into the criminal.

12. Impression Evidence

13. Classification of Impressions
Patent – Visible 2D impression evidence, made in paint, blood, liquids, etc.
Plastic – Visible 3D impression evidence, made in mud, clay, snow, etc..
Latent – Impressions than cannot be detected without development.

14. Examples of Impression Evidence used in court
Bite Marks
Dental records are extremely well kept.
Every persons teeth are unique and the structure of each persons bite is also unique. As unique as your DNA or a fingerprint
Shoeprints
Can determine general height and shoe side of an individual
Can also determine the brand of shoe.
Each major shoe brand has its own tread pattern, ex. Converse, Vans.

16. Types Impression Evidence
Tire Impressions
Each tire tread is unique to each company and sometimes to a specific car make/model/year

17. Types Impression Evidence
Tool Marks

18. Types Impression Evidence
Signatures and forgeries are NOT impression evidence.