1. New Faces, Old Places

2. Indo-European Migration
Semi-nomadic People
From the steppes
Language similarities
Migrations happen over a long period of time

3. Hittites When: 2000-1190 bce Anatolia
Asia Minor = present day Turkey
Spreads out to occupy southwest Asia (Mesopotamia)
Blended traditions with those they conquered
Took Hammurabi’s code but made it more forgiving
Great War Technology
Chariots
Smelted iron into weapons
Egypt
Wanted to conquer it, but settled on a peace treaty
What happened to them?

5. Minoans When: 2000-1400bce Island in the Mediterranean
So seafaring with much trade
Knossos capitol city with a magnificent palace
Art and Architecture: pottery, frescos, almost pre-Greek style architecture; art shows graceful, athletic people; no fortifications
Religion and Women: polytheistic, women had a high rank – Mother Earth Goddess; sacrifice
King Minos
Labyrinth and the Minotaur
Mysterious End

7. 7

8. Phoenicians 1100-842bce Powerful Traders on Mediterranean
Not an Empire – a collection of city states: Tyre, Byblos, Sidon
Excellent Shipbuilders – and seafarers – first to go beyond the Mediterranean
Manufactured purple dye
Colonies into North Africa = Carthage
Craftsmen in wood, metal, glass, ivory
Developed First alphabet!

10. Aryans Through the passes into Indus
B.C. – from over the Hindu Kush
Sacred Kit = Vedas
4 collections of prayers, magical spells and instructions for rituals
Major Kingdom = Magadha – will occupy most of India
Mahabharata: longest epic poem
Caste System: Aryan v. non-Aryan; varnas
Brahmins
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras