1. Crusades

3. What were the Crusades?
Military expeditions undertaken by European Christians to regain Holy Land from Muslims

4. Motives Peasants Were promised salvation to anyone killed on a crusade
Could escape manor life and the lord’s control
Offered adventured
Knights
Could use their fighting skills
Chance to gain land and wealth in the East
Lords
Political power
Pope
Free the Holy Land from the Muslims who didn’t believe in Christianity
Help Christians in the Byzantine empire to defend their territory from the Seljuk Turks
Cities
Expanded their trading markets

5. Major Crusades First -Peasant’s Crusade Second Land route
Captured Jerusalem temporarily
Set up feudal estates to help defend the recaptured land
Second
Attempted to reinforce feudal states
Made it as far as Turkey
Spent more time fighting one another than the Muslims
Jerusalem was lost to Muslims

6. Major Crusades Third – Crusade of the Kings Fourth Water route
Led by the French, English, and German kings
Attempted to regain Jerusalem
Disaster from the beginning
King Fredrick of Germany drowned in a river
Failed to recapture the Holy Land
Fourth
Purpose was to gather works of art, jewels, and gold to pay off debt incurred on previous crusades
Crusaders ransacked towns and sent their treasures home to Europe to be sold for cash

7. Outcomes Cities grew through increased trade
Contact with more advanced civilizations had impact on European civilization
Classical literature was rediscovered