1. Jarno Pinola VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
How do you share spectrum? Overview of relevant regulation and technical enablers
Jarno Pinola
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

2. Contents Background Licensed spectrum and regulation
Spectrum sharing techniques
Dynamic licensed access
RAN sharing techniques
Related work
EuWireless project
High-level architecture
Needs and requirements
Spectrum sharing enhancements
RAN sharing enhancements
Integration to the overall architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

3. Background
Why EuWireless needs dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing?
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

4. Licensed spectrum and regulation
Realistic large scale field test and pilots with mobile technologies and services rely on the availability of licensed spectrum
Availability of equipment and testing sites
Current regulatory environment in Europe is heterogeneous and based on fixed-term exclusive rights
The available spectrum and means to acquire it vary from country to county
Pan-European dynamic spectrum sharing framework needed in order to realise the EuWireless vision
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

5. Spectrum sharing techniques
Individual authorisation, i.e. licensed access
Fixed term licensed access
Dynamic licensed access
Light licensing
General authorisation, i.e. unlicensed or license-exempt access
Opportunistic access
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

6. Dynamic licensed access
Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in Europe
A license holder (incumbent) can share spectrum with a mobile communication system under certain rules and on non-interfering basis
Current candidate channels in Europe are 2.3 – 2.4 GHz, but in the future, they can extend beyond the IMT bands
Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) in the US
Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) is used as an additional source of information for incumbent protection
Targeting the 3.5 GHz frequency band
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

7. RAN sharing techniques
To facilitate the deployment of the dynamic spectrum sharing, other Radio Access Network (RAN) resources can also be shared
Joint Radio Resource Management (RRM) enables coordinated transmissions and interference management in legacy networks
Software-Defined RAN (SD-RAN) enables further decomposition of RAN functionalities and centralised control in future networks
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

8. Related work Dynamic spectrum sharing RAN sharing
EU H2020/5G-PPP: ADEL, SPEED-5G, METIS/METIS-II, COHERENT
Standardization: CEPT ECC, FCC, ETSI, 3GPP
Industry forums: WINNF
RAN sharing
EU H2020/5G-PPP: 5G-NORMA/5G-MoNArch, SESAME/5G-ESSENCE
Standardization: 3GPP, IEEE
Industry forums: NGMN, ORAN, TIP
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

9. EuWireless project
How EuWireless will implement dynamic spectrum sharing and RAN sharing?
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

10. High-level architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

11. Needs and requirements
EuWireless experimenter must be able to create end-to-end slices over the joint EuWireless and MNO infrastructure
In RAN, both the spectrum and RRM must be configurable
For spectrum, selection of frequency, time and location
For RRM, selection of functionalities and parameters
The EuWireless operator must handle all the paper work and offer a one stop shop portal for the experimenters
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

12. Spectrum sharing enhancements 1/2
For the standardised dynamic spectrum sharing methods, EuWireless must define a hierarchical approach to manage both the spectrum controllers and databases
In order to guarantee interference free operation towards MNOs, EuWireless should consider to utilise more sophisticated spectrum sensors also for spectrum sharing methods, which do not yet include them, i.e. LSA
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

13. Spectrum sharing enhancements 2/2
Hierarchical structure of the EuWireless spectrum manager
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

14. Spectrum sharing enhancements 2/2
Hierarchical structure of the EuWireless spectrum manager
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

15. RAN sharing enhancements 1/3
For the joint RRM and/or centralised RAN resource management, EuWireless must define functional components supporting the utilised virtualisation platform for both legacy and future systems
From the architecture point of view, EuWireless is taking into account the recent advances in RAN virtualisation in order to be in line with the standardization and industry trends
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

16. RAN sharing enhancements 2/3
Network entities and interfaces for joint RRM in 4G architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

17. RAN sharing enhancements 2/3
Network entities and interfaces for joint RRM in 4G architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

18. RAN sharing enhancements 3/3
Network entities and interfaces for centralised RAN resource management in 5G architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

19. RAN sharing enhancements 3/3
Network entities and interfaces for centralised RAN resource management in 5G architecture
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

20. Integration to the overall architecture
Where to place the high-level spectrum managers and databases in the spectrum sharing hierarchy?
Maximise local performance
Minimise global signalling overhead
What RAN functionalities can actually be virtualised and managed from a centralised controller?
Non-real-time stuff: Virtual Network Functions (VNF) + SDN for sure!
Near-real-time stuff: VNFs + SDN possible for many use cases
Real-time stuff: Physical Network Functions (PNF) and point to point links still required
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia

21. Jarno Pinola VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Thank you!
Jarno Pinola
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
07/10/2019
TNC19, Tallinn, Estonia