1. Topic 3b – Northern & Southern Interests
How did expansion cause sectionalism and eventually lead to the Civil War?

2. THE NORTH

3. The Market Revolution Francis Cabot Lowell
Built a three story factory powered by a river.
Put all steps of production under one roof.
Manufactured textiles
Paid farmers daughters wages
Daily pay
Started the 1st Industrial Revolution
The change from manufacturing at home to factories.

5. The Market Revolution

6. The Market Revolution 1800-1840 After 1840 By 1860
Mostly women, children, and failed male farmers working in factories
After 1840
Immigrants arrive from broken homelands
Germany
Ireland
By 1860
Most European immigrants had replaced American Females as the primary source of labor

7. Expansion Factory owners now have a cheap source of labor.
Wages are kept low.
Immigrants willing to perform cheap labor.
Poor in America > poor anywhere else
Low wages + mass production = huge profits for factories

8. Expansion Helps the North experience massive growth.
Growth crowds original areas.
Americans want to move west to expand industry.
Immigrants want to move here to earn wages, start their own factory, and make lots of money.

9. The South

10. Cotton Slavery on the path to being ended.
Eli Whitney invents the Cotton Gin
Demand for American cotton skyrockets worldwide
American demand for slave labor skyrockets

12. Expansion Helps the South experience massive growth.
Plantation owners want more/larger plantations with western land.
Americans want to move west to expand slavery/agriculture.
Nothing else matters but keeping their Southern sectional interests

13. Major Question: Outline
How did expansion cause sectionalism and eventually lead to the Civil War?
In the North
Farms to manufacturing
e.g. The Lowell Mills
Make huge profits due to immigrant work for low wages and high output of products
Cause the Industrial Revolution by starting a huge wave of factory manufacturing in the North
Need to Expand
Factories require water source, and large land plots.
Eastern coastline is getting crowded.
Northern American citizens demand expansion west to construct additional factories and expand their business.
New American factory towns pop up across America.
Sectional interest
The North is now interested in western land to produce factories and hire immigrant workers for very low wages, thus keeping their profits or their dream, of factory success, alive.

14. Major Question: Outline
How did expansion cause sectionalism and eventually lead to the Civil War?
In the South
The Cotton Gin
Revives the use of slaves to produce the cash crop cotton
Slaves aren’t paid a wage and their incarceration is a tradition of the South that few were brave enough to discuss.
Southerners would rather die than give slavery up. Poor whites, rather than realizing slavery is part of what kept them poor, desired to become wealthy plantation owners.
Their best odds of doing so was moving West
Need to Expand
Needed large plots of land for new farms, no room in the southeast
Sectional interest
The South is now interested in western land to produce new plantations, buy new slaves, and keep their southern traditions alive.