1. Discussion &Conclusion
Systematic Review on Tobacco Marketing in Vulnerable Populations
Brittney Harding1 and Lisa Aponte-Soto, PhD, MHA2
1Governors State University, University Park, IL and 2University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL
Background
Findings
Discussion &Conclusion
Tobacco use is the most common preventable cause of death and increases one’s risk for numerous diseases, comorbidities, and death.
Mortality is 3 to 5 times greater in smokers than in nonsmokers and smokers can lose up to 10 years of life expectancy.
Quitting smoking has significant health benefits for current smokers.
Low-income individuals, people with mental illness, gays, lesbians, bisexuals, transsexuals, African-American and Hispanic/Latinos are disproportionality burdened by tobacco-related morbidity and death.
Summary of Tobacco Marketing Studies
Low-socioeconomic status:
Higher rates of cigarette smoking than the general population.
LGBT:
Cigarette smoking prevalence is higher than the general population.
African-Americans:
More likely to die from tobacco related diseases than whites.
Hispanics/Latinos:
Prevalence varies among sub-groups within the Hispanic population.
Mental illness:
Consume almost 40% of all cigarettes smoked by adults.
Authors
Main Focus
Findings
Baig et al., Seidenberg et al., Drope et al., McCullough et al., Rodriguez et al., and Widome et al.,
Low socio-economic/low income areas
African-Americans, Hispanics and low-income individuals exposed more to tobacco advertising.
Nicksic et al.,
E-cigarettes and susceptibility among adults
Increased exposure to tobacco product marketing was associated with e-cigarette (EC) and conventional cigarette (CC) susceptibility among adult non-smokers and positive perceptions about EC among adult CC smokers and non-smokers.
Mauricio & Castaldelli
History of tobacco use
Documents have shown that the
tobacco industry suppressed data that smoking damages the health of individuals.
Prochaska
Failed tobacco use treatment in mental health and addiction settings
Some mental health and addiction treatment providers have rationalized that their failure to treat tobacco dependence is a form of harm reduction.
Anderson
Marketing of menthol cigarettes
Menthol cigarettes were originally marketed on a health platform, and health messages convinced consumers that menthol cigarettes were healthier for them than non-menthol cigarettes
Buchting et al.,
Use of cigarettes, cigars, and e-cigarettes among transgenders
Transgender adults use tobacco at much higher rates than cisgender populations.
Brown-Johnson et al.,
Tobacco marketing towards low-socio-economic women
Tobacco companies targeted specific subgroups of women.
Aims
The objective is to review literature on tobacco marketing in low-income neighborhoods, people with mental illnesses, LGBT, African-Americans, and Hispanics/Latinos.
References
Baig, S. A., Pepper, J. K., Morgan, J. C., & Brewer, N. T. (2017). Social identity and support for counteracting tobacco company marketing that targets vulnerable populations. Social Science and Medicine, 182, 136–141.
Nicksic, N. E., Snell, L. M., Rudy, A. K., Cobb, C. O., & Barnes, A. J. (2017). Tobacco marketing, e-cigarette susceptibility, and perceptions among adults. American Journal of Health Behavior, 41(5), 579–590.
Patel MS, Steinberg MB. Smoking Cessation. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164:ITC33–ITC48. doi: /AITC
Quitting Smoking. (2018, June 06). Retrieved from
Smoking & Tobacco Use. (2016, December 01). Retrieved from
Widome, R., Brock, B., Noble, P., & Forster, J. L. (2013). The relationship of neighborhood demographic characteristics to point-of-sale tobacco advertising and marketing. Ethnicity and Health, 18(2), 136–151.
Zhu S, Lee M, Zhuang Y, et al Interventions to increase smoking cessation at the population level: how much progress has been made in the last two decades? Tobacco Control 2012;21:
Methods
Chart 2 Title
Chart 1 Title
Articles were searched by using Google Scholar, University of Illinois at Chicago Library (UIC) search engine, and PubMed. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) search engine was used to find weblinks on certain demographics.
“Tobacco”
“Marketing”
“Vulnerable Populations”
“Low-income”
“Mental illness”
“LGBT”
“minorities”
“Tobacco use”
Articles used
n= 12
Weblinks
used
n= 1
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my mentor, Dr. Lisa Aponte-Soto. In addition I would like to thank Erica Martinez, Kenneth Vasser, Beverly Chukwudozie, and Karen Aguirre for all of their help and advice. This research is supported by the GUIDE Project (P20CA and P20CA202908).