1. wikiKnows a Qustion Answering System based on Wikipedia Knowledge
Qingxia Liu, YaweiSun, Jing Qian, Linfeng Shi, Yong Wang
2015/12/28

2. (ranking, filtering, verification)
wikiKnows
NL Question
skeleton AQG
Skeleton Analyzer
Task Decomposer
subtasks
SPARQL
Searching (e.g. “Father of Singapore”)
Wikipedia Knowledge
(pages, DBpedia)
Task Solver
Result Collector
(ranking, filtering, verification)
Results

3. Framework Status Strategy Example Analogy with Human NL question
Abstract Query Graph
Preliminary SPARQL
Final SPARQLs
Who killed John Lennon?
Person
John Lennon ?x
killed
select ?v0
where {
res:John_Lennon dbo:killedBy ?v0 .
?v0 rdf:type dbo:Person. }
?v0 dbp:conviction
res:Death_of_John_Lennon.
syntactical, semantical
understanding of NL
(rules + basic NL analyzer)
(consistant with the ontology,
but may be not connected
in the instance graph)
(executable and could
get the right answer)
(determine the role of
each meaningful phrases)
(user input, a complete sentence)
linking phrases to
entity, class, property
(ontology + node info)
Ordinary People
(Literal understanding)
Ontology Expert
(loose coupling with KB)
Data Manager
(tight coupling with KB)
split phrases & convert linkings
according to the context
(connectivity in KB)
同样的知识可以以多种不同的形式组织，一系列的演化，得到与KB的组织形式相吻合的SPARQL;

4. Preliminary Result on 20 Questions (AQG & SPARQL Construction)

5. 20 Simple Questions (Questions without aggregation, clause)
4. Which animals are critically endangered?
5. Which soccer players were born on Malta?
6. Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university?
7. Which programming languages were influenced by Perl?
8. Is Barack Obama a democrat?
11. Who killed John Lennon?
12. In which city is Air China headquartered?
16. Which types of grapes grow in Oregon?
18. Who is the manager of Real Madrid?
19. Give me the currency of China.
29. Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations.
30. In which country is Mecca located?
31. What is the net income of Apple?
32. What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for?
33. When did the Ming dynasty dissolve?
36. Desserts from which country contain fish?
39. Which Greek parties are pro-European?
41. Who is the mayor of Rotterdam?
44. Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments?
47. Who were the parents of Queen Victoria?
Problems:
un-realize of role;
long phrases;
Problems:
Linking Failure i (4), c(2), p (5)
Strange Structure of KB (1)

6. Thank you~

7. Result on AQG Converting
good: 14
partial: 6
unrealize of element role
e.g. Arnold Schwarzenegger -- attend -- a university
(could repair using linking result)
e.g. Barack Obama -- ? -- a democrat
e.g. ? -- ? -- pro-European
need split
e.g. class: types of grapes (could repair by rule)
e.g. Swiss non-profit organizations
e.g. the abbrivation FIFA
由于attend对应不到property，而university的首选是property，就移动到了prop上;
when

8. Result on SPARQL Generating
good: 3
Give me the currency of China.
SELECT DISTINCT ?v0
WHERE { < < ?v0 . }
Who were the parents of Queen Victoria?
WHERE { < < ?v0 .
{ ?v0 < < .} UNION
{ ?v0 < < .} UNION
{ ?v0 < < .} }
Who is the manager of Real Madrid? (succeed after using redirects)
link to the wrong entity of the same class, only could disambiguation by text info
Real Madrid -> dbr:Real_Madrid.C (“commonly konwn as Real Madrid C”)
correct: dbr:Real_Madrid.C.F “commonly konwn as Real Madrid”

9. Result on SPARQL Generating
partial: 4
Which animals are critically endangered? (3/1645)
SELECT DISTINCT ?v0
WHERE { ?v0 ?p < ; < < . }
Which soccer players were born on Malta? (89/236)
WHERE { ?v0 < < ; < < . }
problem: lost dbp:birthPlace, dbp:placeOfBirth
Which programming languages were influenced by Perl? (16/17)
WHERE { ?v0 < < ; < < . }
problem: lost dbo:influenced
Which types of grapes grow in Oregon? (3/34)
WHERE { ?v0 ?p < ; < < . }

10. Result on SPARQL Generating
wrong: 13
Linking error on Instance (5-1)
What is the net income of Apple?
side-effect of reranking by label similarity
< < ?v0 .
correct: dbr:Apple_Inc.
Is Barack Obama a democrat?
couldn’t understand democrat
ASK WHERE { < ?p0 < . }
correct: dbr:Democratic_Party_(United_States)
What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for?
need split on “the abbreviation FIFA”
< < ?v0 .
correct: {res:FIFA dbp:name ?name . } / {?s dbo:abbreviation "FIFA"^^<
?s dbp:name ?o. }
Which Greek parties are pro-European?
couldn’t understand pro-European (“pro” is too frequent in instances, European couldn’t convert to Europeanism by WordNet)
?v0 ?p0 < { ?v0 < < .} UNION ...
correct: dbr:Pro-Europeanism

11. Result on SPARQL Generating
wrong: 13 (con.)
Strange structure in KB (1)
Who killed John Lennon?
linkings are unconnected
(and there’s no 1-step path between dbr:John_Lennon and res:Death_of_John_Lennon)
< < ?v0 .
correct: ?v0 dbp:conviction res:Death_of_John_Lennon
Linking error on Class (2)
Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations.
need split on “Swiss non-profit organizations”
SELECT DISTINCT ?v0 WHERE { ?v0 ?p0 < . }
Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments?
should link to yago type, yago:JapaneseMusicalInstruments
ASK WHERE {
{dbr:Taiko a < .}
UNION {dbr:Taiko a < .}
UNION {dbr:Taiko a < .}
UNION {dbr:Taiko a < .}
UNION {dbr:Taiko a < .} }

12. Result on SPARQL Generating
wrong: 13 (con.)
Linking error on Property (5)
Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university?
ASK WHERE { < < ?v1 . }
correct: dbo:alaMater
In which city is Air China headquartered?
SELECT DISTINCT ?v0
WHERE { < < ?v0 .
?v0 a < . }
correct: dbp:headquaters, yago:City
In which country is Mecca located?
WHERE { < < ?v0 .
?v < < . }
correct: dbo:country
When did the Ming dynasty dissolve?
couldn’t understand dissolve (type constraints are generated by “When”)
WHERE { < ?p0 ?v0 .
{ ?v0 < < .}
UNION { ?v0 < < .}
UNION { ?v0 < < .}
UNION { ?v0 < < .}
UNION { ?v0 < < .} }
correct: dbo:yearEnd
Who is the mayor of Rotterdam?
< < ?v0
correct: dbo:leaderName, dbp:leaderName

13. Which animals are critically endangered?

14. Which soccer players were born on Malta?

15. Did Arnold Schwarzenegger attend a university?

16. Which programming languages were influenced by Perl?

17. Is Barack Obama a democrat?

18. Who killed John Lennon?

19. In which city is Air China headquartered?

20. Which types of grapes grow in Oregon?

21. Who is the manager of Real Madrid?

22. Give me the currency of China.

23. Give me all Swiss non-profit organizations.

24. In which country is Mecca located?

25. What is the net income of Apple?

26. What does the abbreviation FIFA stand for?

27. When did the Ming dynasty dissolve?

28. Desserts from which country contain fish?

29. Which Greek parties are pro-European?

30. Who is the mayor of Rotterdam?

31. Are Taiko a kind of Japanese musical instruments?

32. Who were the parents of Queen Victoria?

33. Who directed the Nutty Professor

34. Who first voiced Meg on Family Guy?
Who is the director of The Nutty Professor?

37. What is the capital of Texas?

38. of which country does Austin be the state capital?