1. State Restructuring and Power Sharing: Issues of Contemporary Times

2. State Restructuring and Power Sharing: Issues of Contemporary Times

3. Question for icebreak
How do you perceive the structural changes brought by present constitution in the state affairs of Nepal?
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4. Constitution of Nepal
In order to fulfill the aspirations for perpetual peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the medium of federal democratic republican system of governance, hereby promulgate this Constitution through the Constituent Assembly.
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5. What is state restructuring?
State restructuring is something that is directly associated with political re-imagination of the state as per the spirit of the time and is a continuous process in democracy
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6. Variant structures of states
Equal Federal Structures (states): USA, Australia, Germany, South Africa
Unequal Federal Structures (States): India (J&K, Sikkim), Canada (Quebec)
Autonomous regions in Unitary State: China
Regional Political Structures: Srilanka, United Kingdom
Decentralized Local Structures: Norway, Sweden, Denmark
Nepal??
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7. Why Nepal requires state restructuring?
Establishing rights
Recognizing voices
Sharing resources
Enlargnig/Expanding choices
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8. Sectors of Restructuring
Constitutional
Political
Administrative
Social/Cultural
Fiscal
What it means in Nepal?
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9. What is the definition of state of Nepal?
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10. Criteria or bases for state restructuring
A. Identity:
Ethnicity/community (जातीय/समुदायगत)
Language (भाषिक)
Culture (सांस्कृतिक)
Historical continuity (ऐतिहासिक निरन्तरता)
Geographic continuity (भौगोलिक/क्षेत्रगत निरन्तरता)
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11. Criteria or bases…(contd.)
B. Capability:
Economic inter-dependence/capability (आर्थिक अन्तरसम्बन्ध र सामर्थ्य)
Status of infrastructures and their viability (पूर्वाधार विकासको अवस्था र सम्भावना)
Availability of natural resource (प्राकृतिक साधन र स्रोतको उपलब्धता)
Administrative accessibility (प्रशासनिक सुगमता)
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12. Power Sharing in Nepal Principles Organization/sharing of Power
Cooperation vs. Competition
Separation vs. Balance of Power
Horizontal power sharing : power sharing between the three organs of government (legislative, executive and judiciary)
Vertical power sharing : sharing state power between different territorial layers of government (federal, state, and local levels)
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13. राज्य शक्तिको बांडफांड
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gLlt lgdf{0f, lgodg tyf cg'udg sfo{x? (Policy and regulatory works)
k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x? (Back office functions)
;]jf k|jfx;+u ;DalGwt sfo{x? (Frontline service delivery)
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/fli6«o gLlt tyf lgodgx?
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cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
cGt/fli6«o ;DaGw
cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
s]Gb|Lo tYof+s
cGt/;/sf/L ;dGjo
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k|b]zsf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x?
k|fb]lzs gLlt tyf lgodgx?
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cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
k|fb]lzs tYof+s
cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo
;+3Lo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfx?
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17. clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] afF8kmfF8
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:yfgLo gLlt tyf lgodgx?
:yfgLo dfkb08 tf]Sg]
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
:yfgLo tYof+s
;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x?
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18. Federation Province no. 3 KTM Metropolitan City Coordination
Cooperation
Coexistence

19. Key Issues
Whether the restructured governments are symmetric? Or assymetric?
Symmetry of functions assigned to asymmetry of governments
Are all provinces symmetric?
Are the local governments symmetric?
Tila Gufa Municipality (Kalikot) vs. Dhulikhel Municipality (Kavre)
Lahan Municipality (Siraha) vs. Putalibazar Municipality (Syangja)
Bharatpur Metropolitan City (Chitwan) vs. Kathmandu Metropolitan City (Kathmandu)
What about the functions?
The functions for provinces and local governments are symmetric (Schedule-5- 9)
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20. FAQs
Centralized of decentralized federalism, which is suitable in Nepal? (Decentralized federal countries: Switzerland, Canada vs. centralized federal country: Malaysia)
What is the scope/space of district (district government)?
Is it necessary to have constitution implementation mechanism and transition plan for next few years?
What should be the relationship between the rights to self- determination and federalism?
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21. FAQs
How should the recognition of diversity of language be managed in Nepal?
How should the levying and collection of taxes be allocated among the federal, province and local governments?
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22. Potential risks (opportunities)
Implementing constitution
Reaching people
Building ownership on state and national solidarity
Making federalism a good means
Strengthening local government
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23. Way forward State capacity development Delivering more with less
Evidence based course correction in main four pillars of Federalism (constitutional, political , fiscal and administrative)
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24. Thank You
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