1. Hot flashes: behavioral treatments, mechanisms, and relation to sleep
Robert R. Freedman, PhD 
The American Journal of Medicine 
Volume 118, Issue 12, Pages (December 2005)
DOI: /j.amjmed
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Peripheral physiologic events of the hot flash, based on 29 hot flashes in 14 women. (Adapted from Fertil Steril.8)
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Small core body temperature (Tc) elevations acting within a reduced thermoneutral zone trigger hot flashes (HFs) in symptomatic postmenopausal women. The thermoneutral zone is narrowed in symptomatic women (with HF) compared with asymptomatic women (non-HF). Elevated brain norepinephrine (NE) in animals reduces this zone. Yohimbine (YOH) elevates brain NE and should reduce the zone. Conversely, clonidine should widen it. 5-HT = serotonin; MHPG = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (the primary NE metabolite); SSRI = serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitor.
The American Journal of Medicine  , DOI: ( /j.amjmed )
Copyright © 2005 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions