1. Totally Endoscopic Robotic-Assisted Repair of Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Vascular Ring in Children 
Yoshihiro Suematsu, MD, PhD, Bassem N. Mora, MD, Tomislav Mihaljevic, MD, Pedro J. del Nido, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 80, Issue 6, Pages (December 2005)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Intraoperative photograph (cranial direction indicated by arrow. The left instrument port (L) was placed in the third intercostal space along the anterior axillary line, whereas the camera port (C) was placed in the fifth intercostal space, just anterior to the tip of the scapula. The right instrument port was placed in the posterior fifth intercostal space behind the scapula, with an additional small incision inferiorly for lung retraction.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Intraoperative thoracoscopic views of a robot-assisted vascular ring division. (A) The arrows indicate the atretic left arch and ductal ligament being freely dissected from the esophagus. (B) Endoscopic clips were applied proximally and distally (arrows indicate atretic left arch and ductal ligament dissected from esophagus). (C) Finally, the atretic arch and ductal ligament were divided.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions