1. How realistic is International agreement on GHG Emissions?

2. Montreal Protocol CFCs identified as causing hole in the ozone layer
1987 – Montreal protocol signed
Original target was 50% cut of 100 gases in 12 years
Actually achieved 100% in 10 years

3. Why Not GHG Emissions? As you watch the video:
What is the big disagreement between developed and developing countries regarding cutting GHG emissions?
What does the video show as the biggest problem at the end?

4. The Kyoto Protocol Signed December 19th 1997
Committed countries to individual targets
Minimum of reducing CO2 5% from 1990 levels

5. Kyoto Rationale Placed main burden on developed than developing
Developed more able to pay costs
Developed done more historical damage

6. Kyoto Failure Governments of US, Australia and Canada failed to ratify
Toothless - no penalties for non compliance
Voluntary not binding targets

7. Some Questions
Is an international treaty the right way to reduce emissions?
What alternatives are there?
Should targets be binding or voluntary?
How enforce these targets?

8. Current Targets Canada – 30% below 2005 levels in 2030
17% cut since 1990
Initially not tar sands but now changed
$50 a tonne carbon tax by 2022
EU – 40% cut 1990 levels by 2030
November 2014 – China – US deal
China peak by 2030
US cut 28% below 2005 by 2025
G7 – “decarbonise the global economy”
End all fossil fuel use by 2100

9. COP 21 – Paris 2015 As you watch the video:
What commitment was made by 100 cities at the COP 21 Conference.
What hard target was Established?
What soft target was aimed for?

10. Devil in the detail? No specific national targets
Nations decide own targets and how reach them
Submit in 2018 and update very 5 years
Not binding and no punishment
Needs to be ratified by 55 countries with 55% of global emissions