1. The Four States of Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma

2. STATES OF MATTER Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles

3. Kinetic Theory of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

4. STATES OF MATTER SOLIDS
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Add Heat

5. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Add Heat

6. STATES OF MATTER GAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Add Heat

7. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Solid to liquid
Melting
Heat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

8. Description of Phase Change
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates.

9. Animations Solid, liquid and gas
Solids, liquids and gases in containers
Molecular level phases

10. Will everything just be a gas?
But what happens if you raise the temperature to super-high levels… between 1000°C and 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?

11. STATES OF MATTER PLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Plasma is the
common state
of matter

12. Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames

13. 2. Lightning

14. 3. Aurora (Northern Lights)

15. The Sun is an example of a star in its plasma state

16. STATES OF MATTER LIQUID PLASMA SOLID GAS
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

17. Phase Changes of Water Animation

18. Water Phase Change GraphD
100
gas C
Temperature º C.
liquid B
Pass out the Water Phase Change Graph blank to all students.
As we work through the phase changes, please add to your graph.
This is a graph that shows the energy and temperature changes as water turns from a solid, ice, to a liquid, water, and finally to a gas, water vapor. As we make additions on the board, you will make the additions to your paper.
Mark the letters A, B, C, D and E.
(click) First, we show that the molecules of water in the solid form are tightly packed and in a regular pattern forming crystals. We’ll take a closer look at the actual pattern later. Draw the crystal lattice here showing that water is a solid below zero degrees Celcius.
(click) Next we show water molecules in the liquid state here between zero and 100 degrees Celcius. Draw the molecules a bit farther apart and without a crystal structure.
(click) And here we have water in the gas state with the molecules farther apart A
solid
Heat (thermal energy)

19. Heat (thermal energy) E D 100 gas C liquid B A solid Temperature º C.
As water changes from solid to liquid to gas, what is happening to the energy of the molecules?
(increasing) (click)
What is happening to the temperature?
(increasing) A
solid
Heat (thermal energy)

20. Heat (thermal energy) condensing boiling freezing melting E D 100 C B
Temperature º C. B
freezing
When the ice reaches zero degrees what starts happening?
(melting from solid ice to liquid water) (click)
If we were moving in the opposite direction, with decreasing energy and temperature, from liquid water to solid ice, what would that be called?
(Freezing) (click)
As the liquid water reaches 100 degrees, what happens?
(change from liquid to gas, boiling) (click)
If we were moving in the opposite direction, with decreasing energy and temperature, from water vapor to liquid water, what would that be called?
(condensation, condensing) (click)
Answer the questions of the bottom of your paper.
melting A
Heat (thermal energy)