1. *World War I: THE GREAT WAR*

2. Europe in 1900
Five main powers in Europe at the beginning of the 1900’s
Austria-Hungary
France
Germany
Great Britain
Russia
Match each of the above A E D B C

3. Europe in 1900
Five main powers in Europe at the beginning of the 1900’s
A. Great Britain
B. France
C. Austria-Hungary
D. Germany
E. Russia

4. Heads of State: in World War I
Great Britain
King George V – on the right
Russia
Czar Nicholas II -- on the left
Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II

5. Heads of State of World War I
Austria-Hungary
King Franz Joseph II
United States of America
Pres. Woodrow Wilson
France
George Clemenceau

6. *FACTORS that led to WAR*
Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
5. Assassination

7. *MILITARISM
Country has strong and keeps a standing army – always prepared for war.
To be great, a nation must have a powerful military.
Maintaining a large and
strong military made
citizens feel patriotic.

8. *ALLIANCES A binding agreement between nations. Triple Alliance =
Germany, Italy,
& Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente = Russia,
France, & Great Britain

9. *NATIONALISM Loyalty to a nation or culture rather than a monarchy or
empire.
Competition among nations
for:
1. territory
2. independence
3. new markets & resources

10. *IMPERIALISM*
*A Stronger nation dominates a weaker nation in a competition for colonies = creates conflicts between nations over colonies
*Imperialism + Militarism = As countries gain colonies, their militaries MUST grow to protect them!

11. *CRISIS-The POWDER KEG = the BALKAN PENINSULA
*Referred to as the Powder Keg of Europe because of their Nationalistic Rivalries
The Ottoman Empire leaves the Balkans causing a power vacuum.
Slavic people desire independence.
Austria-Hungary hopes to strengthen power base by annexing the Balkans.
Russia vows to aid all Slavic peoples in the Balkans.

12. Assassination at Sarajevo
Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, & his wife Sophie visit Sarajevo.
June 28, the Archduke and wife are assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand.
Princip was a Serbian
nationalist seeking
independence.

13. *The GREAT WAR Begins*
*The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife = event that ignites the Great War because strong national rivalries and alliances propelled countries into war.

14. Austria-Hungary DEMANDS:
Serbia dismiss any officials who had promoted propaganda against Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungarian judges would conduct the trial of the accused in the assassination plot
Serbia had 48 hours to accept these demands or Austria-Hungary would declare war

15. Nicholas II Telegram to Wilhelm II
“I am glad you are back. In this most serious moment, I appeal to you to help me. A …war has been declared upon a weak country (Serbia). The resentment in Russia, shared fully by me is enormous. I forsee that soon I shall be overwhelmed by the pressure upon me, and be forced to take extreme measures that will lead to war. To try and avoid such a (disaster) as a European war, I beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop you allies from going to war.” -Nicky
*Nicholas hoped diplomacy could prevent war!!!!!

16. Mobilization of Europe
Germany supports Austria-Hungary
Germany demands Russia cancel its troop mobilization or face war
Germany declared war on Russia on Aug. 1, 1914
Germany declares war on France on Aug. 3, 1914
Russia prepares to defend Serbia
Russia expects Germany to aid Austria-Hungary & sends troops to German border
Russia ignored German warning

17. *WORLD WAR I, The Great War*
CENTRAL POWERS
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
ALLIED POWERS- Allies
United Kingdom
France
Italy
Russia
Romania
Greece
Balkans
Serbia
Albania
Montenegro