1. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.124
Figure 1 Extra-criteria clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome
Figure 1 | Extra-criteria clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome. The clinical spectrum of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is not limited to vascular thrombosis and miscarriages, but includes additional manifestations that cannot be explained solely by a thrombophilic state. Since the disease was first defined, the clinical spectrum of APS has been extended to include many other manifestations. Thrombocytopenia, valvular heart disease (valve thickening, vegetations and regurgitation), antiphospholipid antibody-related nephropathy, livedo reticularis and skin ulcers are relatively common features of APS, but are not included in the classification criteria for the syndrome15.
Sciascia, S. et al. (2017) Diagnosing antiphospholipid syndrome: ‘extra-criteria’ manifestations and technical advances
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