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The Quakers - Over 23,000 settled in PA, DE,& NJ
- From 1675 – 1725 Quakers left England for America - Over 23,000 settled in PA, DE,& NJ
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Faith Society of Friends A God of love & light Saved by the inner light – Jesus Meeting houses
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Belief War was wrong One of the 1st colonial groups to condemn slavery
In England – persecuted for faith Banished in VA & MA – burned as witches
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Quaker settlements Promoted religious freedom
Didn’t allow people who didn’t believe in God
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Quakers Poor to middle class – many poor Craftsmen Farmers Laborers
Thee & Thou for you
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Delaware River Valley
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Delaware River Valley Mills Commercial trading by boat
Natural resources - Coal, iron, copper Fertile soil Good for farming
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Delaware Indians Friendly to new settlers Lenni Lenape Tribe
** Quakers bought their land ***
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William Penn Received land from King Charles II Owed to his father
Now Pennsylvania – named by King Charles II “Penn’s Woods”
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William Penn Learned the language of the tribes to communicate with them Penn developed its laws, society, & commerce Built on idea of harmony and love
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Quaker Homes Made of fieldstone Slate roofs
Windows & doors made of wood Simply furnished Full of light
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Family life Center of life Center of love
Included both traditional family & members of faith
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Family life Raising children was of great importance
Both parents & community
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Family life Children taught to obey their parents
Disagreed with harsh punishment Used reason to reinforce good behavior Did not allow dancing
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Family life Allowed to sit at dinner table with parents
Allowed to preach at meeting house Equal roles for women and men
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Quaker meetings Met several times a week
Meeting houses were for worship services, & business meetings Meetings - women & men separately
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School Schools were part of Quaker meeting houses
Learned to read by reading the Bible Literacy was encouraged Must be able to read & write by age 12
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School Favored “Natural Knowledge” Learning by doing
Learn in a classroom & the world around them Encouraged to learn a trade
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Food Food should be simple Don’t indulge – feasting discouraged
Boiled food Made puddings & dumplings Philadelphia Cream Cheese Apple butter
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Food Avoided foods created by slave labor Sugar Salt – it was taxed
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Clothing Dressed plainly and simply
Men – gray fabric, leather breeches, shirts, aprons Women – gray or dark fabric, aprons, no buttons, pockets, or decorations Children – gray or dark clothing like their parents
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Games & Sports Did not like sports Killing for sport was evil
Condemned ball games
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Games & Sports Exercise was good Swimming Ice skating gardening
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Celebrating holidays Did not believe in celebrating religious holidays
ALL days should be devoted to God Treated all days equally
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Organization Equality
William Penn – divided, selling, & distributing of land – evenly There would not be a small number of wealthy land owners
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Organization Most Quakers lived on a farm
Helped neighbors – build homes & barns
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Organization Elected sheriffs, judges, peace makers
Elected an Assembly in PA Minimal government – allowed greater individual freedom
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Organization First law passed in PA established freedom of conscience and of worship to all
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William Penn – 3 major freedoms
1. The right to one’s life, liberty, and estate. 2. The right to represent government 3. The right to trial by jury
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The Philadelphia Quaker Meeting
1758 – issued the first anti-slavery document in history
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Liberty Bell Created by the Pennsylvania Assembly – 1751
It was to celebrate the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s “Charter of Privileges” The inscription states the Quaker’s beliefs
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Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell's inscription is from Leviticus 25:10:
"Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof."
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Liberty Bell
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Liberty Bell
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The Pennsylvania Dutch
Germans – “Deutsch” Thousands of German people traveled to PA Farming communities built around their churches
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The Pennsylvania Dutch
Seeking religious freedom They faced political & religious persecution in their homeland
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The Pennsylvania Dutch
Expensive to travel to the New World Indentured servants – contract - had to work for years to pay off debt for travel expenses to the New World Then free to own land or business
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The Pennsylvania Dutch
Brought their own traditions Christmas tree Quilt making symbols – Hex Signs
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The Pennsylvania Dutch
Pa is the site of the largest German immigrant population.
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