1. The Quakers - Over 23,000 settled in PA, DE,& NJ
- From 1675 – 1725 Quakers left England for America
- Over 23,000 settled in PA, DE,& NJ

2. Faith
Society of Friends
A God of love & light
Saved by the inner light – Jesus
Meeting houses

3. Belief War was wrong One of the 1st colonial groups to condemn slavery
In England – persecuted for faith
Banished in VA & MA – burned as witches

4. Quaker settlements Promoted religious freedom
Didn’t allow people who didn’t believe in God

5. Quakers Poor to middle class – many poor Craftsmen Farmers Laborers
Thee & Thou for you

6. Delaware River Valley

7. Delaware River Valley Mills Commercial trading by boat
Natural resources - Coal, iron, copper
Fertile soil
Good for farming

8. Delaware Indians Friendly to new settlers Lenni Lenape Tribe
** Quakers bought their land ***

9. William Penn Received land from King Charles II Owed to his father
Now Pennsylvania – named by King Charles II
“Penn’s Woods”

10. William Penn
Learned the language of the tribes to communicate with them
Penn developed its laws, society, & commerce
Built on idea of harmony and love

11. Quaker Homes Made of fieldstone Slate roofs
Windows & doors made of wood
Simply furnished
Full of light

12. Family life Center of life Center of love
Included both traditional family & members of faith

13. Family life Raising children was of great importance
Both parents & community

14. Family life Children taught to obey their parents
Disagreed with harsh punishment
Used reason to reinforce good behavior
Did not allow dancing

15. Family life Allowed to sit at dinner table with parents
Allowed to preach at meeting house
Equal roles for women and men

16. Quaker meetings Met several times a week
Meeting houses were for worship services, & business meetings
Meetings - women & men separately

17. School Schools were part of Quaker meeting houses
Learned to read by reading the Bible
Literacy was encouraged
Must be able to read & write by age 12

18. School Favored “Natural Knowledge” Learning by doing
Learn in a classroom & the world around them
Encouraged to learn a trade

19. Food Food should be simple Don’t indulge – feasting discouraged
Boiled food
Made puddings & dumplings
Philadelphia Cream Cheese
Apple butter

20. Food
Avoided foods created by slave labor
Sugar
Salt – it was taxed

21. Clothing Dressed plainly and simply
Men – gray fabric, leather breeches, shirts, aprons
Women – gray or dark fabric, aprons, no buttons, pockets, or decorations
Children – gray or dark clothing like their parents

22. Games & Sports Did not like sports Killing for sport was evil
Condemned ball games

23. Games & Sports
Exercise was good
Swimming
Ice skating
gardening

24. Celebrating holidays Did not believe in celebrating religious holidays
ALL days should be devoted to God
Treated all days equally

25. Organization Equality
William Penn – divided, selling, & distributing of land – evenly
There would not be a small number of wealthy land owners

26. Organization Most Quakers lived on a farm
Helped neighbors – build homes & barns

27. Organization Elected sheriffs, judges, peace makers
Elected an Assembly in PA
Minimal government – allowed greater individual freedom

28. Organization
First law passed in PA established freedom of conscience and of worship to all

29. William Penn – 3 major freedoms
1. The right to one’s life, liberty, and estate.
2. The right to represent government
3. The right to trial by jury

30. The Philadelphia Quaker Meeting
1758 – issued the first anti-slavery document in history

31. Liberty Bell Created by the Pennsylvania Assembly – 1751
It was to celebrate the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s “Charter of Privileges”
The inscription states the Quaker’s beliefs

32. Liberty Bell The Liberty Bell's inscription is from Leviticus 25:10:
"Proclaim Liberty Throughout All the Land Unto All the Inhabitants thereof."

33. Liberty Bell

34. Liberty Bell

35. The Pennsylvania Dutch
Germans – “Deutsch”
Thousands of German people traveled to PA
Farming communities built around their churches

36. The Pennsylvania Dutch
Seeking religious freedom
They faced political & religious persecution in their homeland

37. The Pennsylvania Dutch
Expensive to travel to the New World
Indentured servants – contract - had to work for years to pay off debt for travel expenses to the New World
Then free to own land or business

38. The Pennsylvania Dutch
Brought their own traditions
Christmas tree
Quilt making
symbols – Hex Signs

39. The Pennsylvania Dutch
Pa is the site of the largest German immigrant population.