1. “Algorithm Issues” in a Canine Hemogram
Dennis B. DeNicola, DVM, PhD, DACVP
Chief Veterinary Educator
IDEXX Laboratories

2. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = K/L ( – )
MONO = K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = K/L ( – )
BASO = K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
HCT = 52.5 % ( 37.0 – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH ( – )
PLT = K/L LOW ( 175 – 500 )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.

3. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Erythron
HCT = 52.5 % ( – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH (19.50 – )

4. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Erythron
HCT = 52.5 % ( – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH (19.50 – )
Hyperchromasia

5. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Erythron
HCT = 52.5 % ( – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH (19.50 – )
Hyperchromasia
Physiologically impossible
Extracellular hemoglobin (hemolysis)

6. Erythron Interpretation
No significant abnormalities
Hyperchromasia
Physiologically impossible
Probable in vitro or in vivo hemolysis
Extracellular hemoglobin present

7. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.

8. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
Mild leukocytosis

9. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia

10. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia
Mild monocytosis

11. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia
Mild monocytosis
Minimal basophilia

12. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia
Mild monocytosis
Minimal basophilia

13. Leukogram Interpretation
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia
Potential “normal” for this animal
Potential physiologic (epinephrine)
Potential minimal to mild inflammation
Mild monocytosis
Inflammation associated with tissue demand for macrophages
Minimal basophilia
Insignificant

14. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Thrombon
PLT = 156 K/L LOW ( – )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %

15. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Thrombon
PLT = 156 K/L LOW ( – )
Thrombocytopenia
Mild

16. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Thrombon
PLT = 156 K/L LOW ( – )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Thrombocytopenia
Mild with enlarged platelets

17. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Thrombon
PLT = 156 K/L LOW ( – )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Thrombocytopenia
Mild with enlarged platelets and variably-sized platelets

18. Thrombon Interpretation
Mild thrombocytopenia
Probable bone marrow response to peripheral demand for platelets
Enlarged platelets
Variably-sized platelets
Potential mechanism of thrombocytopenia
Peripheral blood consumption
Peripheral blood destruction

19. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
WBC = K/L HIGH ( )
LYM = K/L ( )
MONO = K/L HIGH ( )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( )
EOS = K/L ( )
BASO = K/L HIGH ( )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
HCT = 52.5 % ( 37.0 – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH ( – )
PLT = K/L LOW ( )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Confirm with blood smear

20. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Leukon
WBC = K/L HIGH ( – )
LYM = 3.00 K/L ( – )
MONO = 2.73 K/L HIGH ( – )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( – )
EOS = 0.62 K/L ( – )
BASO = 0.11 K/L HIGH ( – )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.
Mild leukocytosis
Minimal neutrophilia
Mild monocytosis
Minimal basophilia

21. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

22. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

23. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

24. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

25. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

26. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

27. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

28. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review

29. Leukon – Peripheral Blood Film Review
Eosinophil
Basophil
Monocyte

30. Leukogram Interpretation
Mild leukocytosis
Probable normal neutrophil number
Prominent mastocythemia
Morphologically atypical mast cells suggesting a neoplastic process
Other leukocytes likely in normal numbers

31. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
Thrombon
PLT = 156 K/L LOW ( – )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Thrombocytopenia
Mild with enlarged platelets and variably-sized platelets

32. Thrombon - Peripheral Blood Film Review

33. Thrombon Interpretation
Mild thrombocytopenia
Probable bone marrow response to peripheral demand for platelets
Enlarged platelets
Variably-sized platelets
Potential mechanism of thrombocytopenia
Peripheral blood consumption
Peripheral blood destruction
Comments following blood film review
Interpretation above confirmed

34. 11 year-old, intact male Beagle
WBC = K/L HIGH ( )
LYM = K/L ( )
MONO = K/L HIGH ( )
NEU = K/L HIGH ( )
EOS = K/L ( )
BASO = K/L HIGH ( )
%LYM = 16.0 %
%MONO = 14.6 %
%NEU = 65.5 %
%EOS = 3.3 %
%BASO = 0.6 %
HCT = 52.5 % ( 37.0 – )
RBC = 7.80 M/L ( – )
HGB = 19.5 g/dL HIGH ( – )
RETIC = 38.9 K/L
%RETIC = 0.5 %
MCV = 67.3 fL ( – )
RDW = 15.5 % ( – )
MCHC = 37.2 g/dL HIGH ( – )
MCH = pg HIGH ( – )
PLT = K/L LOW ( )
MPV = fL
PCT = 0.5 %
PDW = 19.8 %
Differential algorithm issues. Confirm with blood smear.