1. (TO CHANGE OR REORGANIZE)
THE REFORMATION
(TO CHANGE OR REORGANIZE)

2. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION
Forces that weakened the Catholic Church:
New emphasis on secular (worldly) &
individuals vs. religion (Middle Ages)
Merchants want to be leaders, not Church clergy/popes
Merchants did not want to pay TITHES (taxes) to Church
Printing press spreading ideas faster!
Church clergy corrupt & poorly educated!
King Philip IV of France – 1301
- Disagreement with the Pope over taxes

3. Early Reformers – before Luther
John Wycliffe:
Believed the Bible not the Church was the supreme religious authority
Had Bible translated from Latin to English
Accused of Heresy – Many followers burned to death
Jan Hus:
Believed the true head of the Church was Jesus Christ
Purify the Church by calling for end to corruption
Wanted Bible translated into common languages
Arrested – heresy and burned at the stake
Catherine of Sienna:
Devoted and felt a direct connection with God
Visions of Jesus and promised to be his “bride”
While devout Catholic, showed that people could lead spiritual lives beyond the norms of the church
Made a saint by the church 80 years after her death

4. MARTIN LUTHER Monk from Wittenberg, GER.
Took stand against church’s INDULGENCES: pardon that bought your way into heaven
Posted 95 THESES on Church door attacking this idea & “pardon merchants”, Oct. 31st, 1517
Began the Reformation 
movement for religious reform

5. M. LUTHER’S THREE MAIN IDEAS
1. Can only win salvation by faith alone in God
2. Bible is ultimate authority & all teachings should be based on it
3. All people with faith are
equal before God

6. WHAT HAPPENED TO M. LUTHER?
Pope was unhappy!
Threatened Luther with EXCOMMUNICATION (kick out) unless he RECANT (take back) his statements
Luther threw decree in a bonfire
& Pope excommunicated Luther
 Edict of Worms (outlaw & heretic)
Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V) was ANGRY & sent him to Town of Worms for trial

7. Video Time!

10. WILL LUTHER RETURN? A prince sheltered Luther for 2 years
Luther translated New Testament into German
Luther returns!
Found priests now dressing in regular clothes & called ministers
Now leading church service in German, not Latin!
New religious sect: LUTHERANS

11. REVOLT AGAINST LUTHER
1524 German peasants like Luther’s ideas  demand end to serfdom (slavery) & started a revolt
Luther mad! Told German princes to crush revolt successful
Peasants felt betrayed & rejected Luther

12. GERMANY AT WAR, Part I
Most northern German princes supported Lutheranism  went against Pope
Signed a protest against the Church
Protesting Princes  PROTESTANT
term applied to Christians belonging to non- Catholic Churches

13. GERMANY AT WAR, PART II
Holy Roman Emperor CHARLES V (Hapsburg family) went to war against Protestant Princes & defeated them
But couldn’t make them come back to the Catholic Church
Tired of fighting  signed PEACE OF AUGSBURG (1555)
Religion of each German state be decided by its ruler (own Pope)

14. ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT
TUDOR FAMILY: King Henry VIII wants a son, but wife too old!
Divorce not allowed (Pope’s rule)
Henry calls Parliament (government) to pass laws that end Pope’s power in England  REFORMATION PARLIAMENT
Henry marries Anne Boleyn

15. NO MORE POPE IN ENGLAND
ACT OF SUPREMACY: Made English King—not the pope—the head of England’s Church

16. HENRY VIII’s CHILDREN Henry’s 3 kids: Mary, Elizabeth, & Edward
Edward ruled for 6 years, then died
Mary took over & was Catholic, so turned Church back over to the pope!
Mary pushed out, and Elizabeth restores
Protestantism
She becomes head of the Church of England, or ANGLICAN CHURCH

17. SPANISH ARMADA
Mary’s husband, King Philip II of Spain (Catholic), was angry & planned attack on England
Sent 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, & 19,000 soldiers
England defeated the Spanish (under Elizabeth’s rule)

18. REFORMATION SPREADS Word spreads to France to JOHN CALVIN
Writes book that says all humans are sinful & CAN’T EARN salvation  only a few are already CHOSEN
PREDESTINATION = God has already chosen those to save (predetermined)
New religion, CALVINISM (Protestant sect); based out of Geneva, Switz.  STRICT!

19. PROTESTANTS VS. CATHOLICS
Princes in North Germany converting to Protestantism (no more Pope)
Hapsburg Family & Holy Roman
Empire in South Germany still
support Roman Catholic Church
Begins war  Charles V defeats Protestant Princes, but can’t get them to convert back
In France, Catholics vs. Huguenots (Fr. Protestants) went to war frequently

20. DON’T WRITE THIS DOWN , you already have this information!
STILL FIGHTING
DON’T WRITE THIS DOWN , you already have this information!
PEACE OF AUGSBURG= says each state’s ruler free to choose religion
Peace short-lived  Small states around Holy Roman Empire converting to Protestantism; tensions high
Leads to THIRTY YEARS’ WAR

21. CATHOLIC REFORMATION
Movement to help keep Catholics stay loyal
COUNTER-REFORMATION: Catholic church has lost so many people
Ignatius of Loyola creates Society of Jesus (JESUITS) to spread Catholic word again & stop Protestantism
Sent out INDEX OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS

22. LEGACY OF THE REFORMATION
1. Protestant churches flourish
2. Religion no longer unites Europe
3. Individual monarchs & states gain power (church declines)
4. Helped set stage for modern world

24. COUNCIL OF TRENT Catholic bishops agreed on these doctrines:
1. Church’s interpretation of Bible was final
2. Christians need BOTH faith and good works for salvation (opposite of Luther)
3. Bible and Church are equal authorities
4. Indulgences are valid expressions of faith (but false selling was banned)

25. The Counter Reformation
Pope says, “People are leaving the church. How do we get them back?”
Pope Paul III & the Council of Trent
Apologize for wrongdoing
Revise church beliefs – no more indulgences
Need BOTH faith & good works for salvation
Bible & church are equal authorities
Create new priests – Jesuits (highly educated)
Start the Inquisition – arrest/torture/kill heretics

26. Methods of the Inquisition

27. Baptist & Presbyterian
Christianity
Roman Catholic
Protestantism
Anglican
Methodist
Calvinist
Baptist & Presbyterian
Lutheran
Church of Scientology
Eastern Orthodox
Divisions of Christianity