1. 17.4 The War in the East
Pgs

2. The War in the East
While Grant found a quick success in the west, the Union had a hard time in the east.
In the September 1862, General Lee decided to try and take Maryland.
Since it was in the fall, the move would also free farmers in the rich area of the Confederacy to harvest more crops.
Lee had reason to believe that this would bring Britain to their side.

3. Lee divided his army sending Jackson into the Shenandoah Valley, J. E
Lee divided his army sending Jackson into the Shenandoah Valley, J.E.B. Stuart’s cavalry was left behind to fight the Union.
McClellan would have no idea where Lee had planned to attack if it was not for an amazing discovery.
Antietam

4. When McClellan was moving across the area vacated by the Confederates, Union officials picked up three cigars.
Wrapped around the cigars was a dispatch from Lee that a courier had lost, giving Lee’s location and making it obvious that his army was divided.
Antietam

5. Using this information, the union planned to attack to Lee before Jackson could reach him.
Lee found out about the lost information less than 24 hours later and planned to pull back across the Potomac River and change strategy.
Antietam

6. On September 17, 1862 McClellan’s forces made massive attacks on Lee.
In one day three battles were fought just before night Lee’s reinforcements arrived.
Antietam

7. With one more attack McClellan might have defeated Lee, but the attack never came only a stalemate.
Rather than renewing the attack at daybreak McClellan waited permitting Lee to engineer a retreat across the river.
Antietam

8. Since the Confederacy did not win at Antietam, Britain stayed out of the war.
Since the Union did not lose, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
This was a turning point.
Antietam

9. Fredericksburg Lincoln once again fired McClellan.
He hired Ambrose Burnside.
He also had little success.
Fredericksburg

10. On December 13, 1862 Burnside drove his army to attack the Confederates in Fredericksburg.
They failed over and over again to stop the Confederate forces and the Union suffered twice as many casualties as the Confederacy.
Fredericksburg

11. Fredericksburg Lincoln became enraged, as a no general could win.
Lincoln now sent for “Fighting” Joe Hooker.
Fredericksburg

12. Hooker, with 130,000 men now decided to attack Lee’s army of 60,000 in Chancellorsville.
The Union forces had an overwhelming advantage in men and supplies.
This caused Hooker to be overconfident. He said “may God have mercy on General Lee for I will have none“.
Chancellorsville

13. Since the isolated crossroads was within easy reach of Richmond, Lee thought of something bold.
He split his army again and caught the Union by surprise.
The battle, considered by many to be Lee’s crowning achievement, raged for five days.
Chancellorsville

14. Chancellorsville The fifth Union attempt to capture Richmond failed.
This victory however cost to South dearly. On the first day of the battle Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded.
In the darkness he was shot by his own men.
Chancellorsville

15. When Lee heard Jackson’s injuries caused him to need amputations of his left arm, recent word for Jackson to get well and come back as soon as you can.
However Jackson died within the week.
This was a huge blow to the Confederacy.
Chancellorsville

16. Gettysburg Emboldened by victory Lee decided to attack Pennsylvania.
This was his second invasion of the North.
Lee believed that the Northern support for the war would be lost if they captured a major northern city.
He also thought that it would make Lincoln pull some troops out of the campaign along the Mississippi River.

17. Gettysburg
Lee hoped his tired men could be resupplied as they pass-through the farmlands in Pennsylvania.
Lee started in North early in June, going up the Shenandoah Valley, across the Potomac River, across Western Maryland, and into Pennsylvania.

18. Gettysburg Even with 90,000 men, Hooker could not stop Lee.
In his desperation, on June 28, Lincoln gave his army to the fifth commander of that year George Gordon Meade.
on July 1, Lee’s troops came to a small town called Gettysburg, where they stopped to buy some badly needed shoes and supplies.

19. Gettysburg There they were met by a Union scouting party.
Both armies quickly pulled up to fight from two ridges.
The Confederates were on Seminary Ridge, and the Union stood on Cemetery ridge about 1 mile away.

20. Gettysburg
On the south end of Cemetery Ridge were two rocky points called Round Top and Little Round Top.
On the first day of this three day battle, the Confederacy forced the Union lines back but did not win.
On the second day Lee attacked on the left but were pushed back.
That night Lee planned to attack the center.

21. Gettysburg On the third day the South attacked with all their might.
Between 1 p.m. and 2 p.m. 15,000 Confederate troops under General Pickett’s commands charged toward the Union.
The Union fired their canons killing thousands of men.
The charge had failed.

22. Gettysburg
Lee waited on July 4, poised for a counterattack that never came.
General Meade chose not to send his tired men across the open field.
Thus he missed an opportunity to capture General Lee.
The next day Lee and his troops road back to Virginia.

23. Gettysburg
With General Lee back in Virginia, that the Union had no choice but to attack.
Since general Meade showed no desire, Lincoln promoted yet another general.
On March 2, 1864 Lincoln named Ulysses S. Grant the supreme commander. William T. Sherman took Grant’s place in Mississippi.

24. 17.4 Section Quiz