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Using Energy Efficiently
Energy & Transformations Using Energy Efficiently
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Efficiency of Technologies
Using new energy-efficient technologies are crucial to our future. Fossil fuels are depleting causing increased costs. Typically more expensive up-front, their maintenance costs and lifetime are typically longer than less-efficient technologies.
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Efficiencies of Technologies
Technology % Efficiency Comments NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Fossil Fuels 40% Canada’s most common source of electrical energy. Nuclear Fission 30% Ontario has 4 nuclear reactors which provide a great deal of electrical energy. RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES Solar Cells 10-15% Experimental ones have been shown up to 35% Hydraulic 95% Canada has a wealth of hydroelectric potential Wind 45-55% Being used more frequently. wind turbines = 1 fossil fuel plant. Tidal Large up-front cost, only suitable in certain areas. Geothermal 15-20% Biomass 5% Nuclear Fusion 20%-50% Energy source of the future.
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Efficiencies of Technologies
Technology % Efficiency Comments HOUSEHOLD TECHNOLOGIES Gasoline Automobile 10%-16% Many energy transformations reduce efficiency, most losses from combustion process. Electric Automobile 80% Fluorescent Light 20% Incandescent Light 5% Requires a lot of heat to light filament. LED Lighting 15-20% Large up-front cost, only suitable in certain areas.
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Gasoline Automobile Mechanical Energy
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Electric Automobile 7x More efficient than Gasoline!!
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Overall Efficiency As seen in the automobile diagrams, every energy transformation results in energy losses. Most processes involve more than one energy transformation which requires the calculation of overall efficiency.
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Example #1 Running an electric hair dryer on hydroelectricity in Ontario has the following efficiencies: 95% efficient energy generation 95% efficient hair dryer Draw an energy flow diagram for the situation. Calculate the total efficiency of the hair dryer.
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SOLUTION a) 5% 5% 100% Eout 95% 95% b)
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Example #2 A gasoline driven car has the following efficiencies:
97% efficient oil extraction process Oil refined to gasoline with 95% efficiency Transportation of gasoline with 94% efficiency Engine is 24% efficient Transmission is 76% efficient Draw the energy flow diagram. What is the overall efficiency of the car?
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SOLUTION a) 3% 5% 76% 100% 97% 24% 95% 24% Eout 76% b)
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