1. Newspaper regulation

2. A brief history of newspaper regulation
The newspaper industry was regulated by the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) between 1990 and It was a voluntary regulator with no legal powers and was heavily criticised for saying it found no evidence of phone hacking at the News of the World in 2007.
The PCC had a code of practice that provided guidelines for newspapers in how to report inaccuracies, crime, news stories involving children and more. However, the PCC was effectively run by the newspaper editors themselves and papers merely had to print a small apology when the regulator ruled against them.

3. The Leveson Inquiry
The Leveson Inquiry in was a judicial public enquiry ordered by the government into the culture and ethics of the British press.
This followed the revelations of the phone hacking scandal and the closure of the News of the World.

4. Post-Leveson: IPSO and IMPRESS
Following the Leveson report, a new press regulator was introduced: the Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO). IPSO is more powerful than the PCC and can order newspapers to print apologies or corrections on the front page or fine papers. However, it crucially doesn’t act on Leveson’s key recommendation that the regulator is backed by government legislation.
Alongside IPSO, IMPRESS was also set up as an alternative regulator. This was fully compliant with Leveson – but no major newspapers have signed up with IMPRESS.
News of the World was shut by Rupert Murdoch its owner – later replaced by the Sun on Sunday

5. Channel 4 News debate about regulation
Hacked Off campaigner Hugh Grant and media lawyer David Price debate the outcome of the publication of the Leveson report into media ethics.

6. REGULATION of the Press- arguments in brief
Arguments for regulation:
Arguments against regulation (as it currently works):
to protect standards of reporting
prevent attacks on innocent individuals.
Conflicting economic needs of the news organisation – which may see sensationalist & extreme stories as a way to attract readers
Current debates around the issue of fake news, defining internet companies (e.g. Facebook, Google) as news organisations
Findings of Leveson Inquiry about what the press actually did!
Recommendations of the Leveson report show that there is/was a problem
importance of resisting state control (news media has a Fourth Estate function)
Specific arguments about IPSO – e.g. Funded by newspapers and chaired by newspaper editors means that they may be biased, dominated by richest newspapers e.g. Daily Mail
the practical problems of national regulatory frameworks attempting to regulate news online which is a global industry – e.g. Mail online =global
refer to work of Livingstone and Lunt – particularly the power relationship between citizen and institution
Responses may refer to work of Curran and Seaton – particularly their analysis of media power and responsibility