1. Events Leading to American Independence
Essential Questions:
How did the French and Indian War alter the political and economic relationship between the colonists and England?
How did various colonists organize and protest against this new relationship leading up to the War for Independence?

2. Bell Ringer
Chapter 1 Vocabulary Quiz

3. 1651,1663,1673: The Navigation Acts British Action: Colonial Response:
Designed to keep trade in England and support mercantilism
Colonists could only trade goods with England
All colonial ships must stop in a British harbor before going to another country
Colonial Response:
Ignored them (profitable to trade with other countries) and continued to smuggle goods from other countries
British continued policy of Salutary Neglect (relaxed enforcement of acts in exchange for continued loyalty to the King and to England)

4. The French and Indian War
French empire collided w/ British empire
Competing over the Ohio River Valley

5. British Empire between 1754 & 1763 changed
National debt had doubled
Daily cost of maintaining empire had increased 5X with more land
System of communication with colonies inefficient
Resentment towards wealth of some Americans
British officers viewed colonists as inferior
Colonial desire to expand into Ohio Valley

6. Britain’s New Policy for Colonial America after the French and Indian War
New Policy had three basic objectives:
Place the colonies under strict British political and economic control
Make the colonies respect and obey British laws
Make the colonies pay their part in maintaining the British Empire

7. Treaty of Paris Proclamation Line of 1763
Britain claimed land east of the Mississippi River
Proclamation Line: banned all settlement west of Appalachian Mts. (to ease tensions w/ N.A.)
Increased Independent Spirit

8. Britain’s New Policy for Colonial America
Problems with New Policy
Colonists had come to expect their freedom as a right (salutary neglect)
Parliament had never attempted to raise a revenue in America (internal/direct taxation vs. external/indirect taxation)
“no taxation without representation” (virtual representation vs. actual representation)

9. 1764: Sugar Act British Action: Colonial Response:
Cut the tax on molasses but raised it on other goods such as textiles, wine, coffee, indigo, and sugar
Attempt to monopolize the trade of tea by the British East India Company
Strengthened Vice-Admiralty courts
Cases decided by a single judge, not a jury
Colonial Response:
First time a tax had been passed to raise revenue rather than regulate trade
Colonial merchants protested the increased duties

10. 1765: Quartering Act British Action: Colonial Response:
Purpose to keep troops in the colonies and reduce the cost
Colonists had to keep troops in their homes
Colonial Response:
Colonists did not get along with army and did not want them there permanently

11. 1765: The Stamp Act Colonial Reaction: British Action:
Boston’s Sons of Liberty forced their Stamp tax collector (Andrew Oliver) to resign
stamp distributors in other colonies harassed
Boycotted (a collective refusal to use, buy or deal with) English goods
Stamp Act Congress October 1765 issued a Declaration of Rights and Grievances (9 legislatures)
Helped to unify colonies (Patrick Henry, Va)
British Action:
Taxed all documents, newspapers, and playing cards by forcing colonists to place a special stamp on the items
Direct tax
Violators would appear in vice-admiralty courts with no juries

12. 1767: The Townshend Acts British Action: Colonial Reaction
Put tax on goods such as paper, glass, paint, and tea
Revenue raised would be to pay salaries of British officials in the colonies
British seized John Hancock’s ship, Liberty for smuggling
Colonial Reaction
Organize new boycott of goods
Protest “No taxation without representation”
Demonstrations and clashes between colonists and soldiers in Boston
Soldiers presence enraged colonists in Boston over jobs
Women get involved in protests (Daughters of Liberty, “homespun” clothing)

13. March 5, 1770: The Boston Massacre
British redcoats that were guarding the Boston Custom House shot and killed five civilian men
Crispus Attucks
Engraving by Paul Revere
Old State House in background

19. Obituary—Boston Massacre

21. Cause and Effect Group Activity
You and your group will be given a packet of events that led to the American Revolution. Each packet will contain the following information:
Events leading to the Revolution
Causes of the events
Effects of the events
Your goal is to place the events in chronological order and find each events proper cause and effect.
Visualize your finished product by laying out all of the events chronologically with their proper cause and effect.
Be prepared to share your work with myself and the class and to correct any mistakes as the activity progresses.
Once approved, take a picture of your finished diagram to keep as a study guide.

22. Homework
Study for the Colonial Map Quiz