1. Review for Test on Former USSR & Latin America
Bring a pencil and a pen.
20 multiple choice & an essay
Essay Topic: 2 Cold War Events

2. Glastnost
Glastnost- greater freedom and openness. Cultural exchange. Criticize public officials. Travel.

3. Perestroika
Perestroika- restructuring the economy. Limited capitalism. Private ownership. Greater control for factory managers.
Compared to Lenin’s NEP

4. Collapse of USSR Yeltsin defends Gorbachev in August 1991.
Gorbachev resigns.
Soviet Union ceases to exist Dec. 25, 1991.
Boris Yeltsin first democratically elected President of Russia.
End of the Cold War

5. Nationalism
USSR made up of 15 Republics each with their own language, culture, customs and traditions.
Wanted their own independent country.
Break away in 1991

6. Cold War Struggle or competition between communism and democracy.
WWII U.S. and USSR emerge as superpowers.
USSR and satellites (Eastern Europe) vs. U.S. and Western Europe.

7. Regionalism Regionalism- local ties of loyalty.
Developed as a result of diverse geography.

8. Las Pampas Las Pampas- fertile grassland.
Similar to steppes in Russia or savannas in Africa.

9. Cuban Revolution Cuba- 1959 Castro overthrows Baptista.
Overthrown due to poverty, illiteracy and high unemployment.
Castro promised democracy, but turned to communism. Exiled opponents.
Allied with USSR.
U.S. embargo.

10. Nicaragua
1979 Sandinistas led by Daniel Ortega overthrow the Somoza family.
U.S. gives aid to the Contras (anti-Communists).
Guerilla war.
1990 Sandinistas agree to elections- democracy.

11. Deforestation
Deforestation- Brazilian Amazon rainforest. They are cutting down the trees to clear the land for farming. Sell the lumber. Effects: depletes the world’s oxygen supply. Global warming. Endangered species. Medicines.

12. Debt
Debt- Borrowed money from the U.S. to industrialize. Build factories. Recession hit. Unable to payback loans.

13. Overpopulation
Most people are farmers- more children to help on the farm.
Most people are Catholic- no birth control.
Machismo.

14. Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
USSR built nuclear missile launch pads in Cuba.
U.S. blockades
Soviets back down, U.S. removes missiles from Turkey.
Closest we have come to nuclear war.

15. U-2 Incident May 1960 American spy plane shot down over USSR
U.S. said it was a weather plane.
Pilot Garry Powers admitted to spying
Sentenced to 10 years in jail
Served 17 months- exchanged for a Soviet Spy

16. Korean War U.N. military action 1950-1953
Communist North Korea invaded non-Communist South Korea.
Divided at 38th parallel.
Result- Stalemate

17. Vietnam War
Communist North Vietnam invades non-Communist South Vietnam.
United States enters because fearful of domino theory and wanted to contain communism.
After U.S. leaves, fighting continues. Eventually south falls. United as one communist country.

18. Building of The Berlin Wall
Summer 1961
East Germans build the wall to prevent Communist East Berliners from fleeing to democratic West Berlin.