1. Essential Life Functions

2. What happens to your body when you are deprived of water?
In your groups, brainstorm and write down as many different things that can happen to your body when you are forced to go without water.

3. Learning Targets
I will be able to:
name eight functions that humans must perform to maintain life.
list and describe five survival needs of the human body.

4. Necessary Life Functions
Organ systems work together to promote the well- being of the entire body.

5. 1. Maintaining Boundaries
Every living organism must be able to maintain its boundaries so that its “Inside” remains separate and distinct from the outside.
Each cell is surrounded by a membrane.
The body is enclosed by the integumentary system (skin).
These membranes protect and regulate what goes in and out of the cells and body.

6. 2. Movement Movement consists of two types: Generated by muscles and
Propulsion of fluids.
The skeletal system provides a structure to allow muscles to create movement.

7. 3. Responsiveness
Responsiveness is the ability to detect and react to external and internal stimuli.
Nerve cells are highly irritable and can communicate rapidly with each other through electrical impulses.
Most responses are handled by the nervous system.
The cells also are capable of stimuli detection and response.

8. 4. Digestion
Ingested food is broken down by mastication and enzyme action into simple molecules.
The molecules are absorbed into the blood stream.
The blood delivers the molecules to the cells.

9. 
What happens to food digestion if your body is too cold?

10. 5. Metabolism
Metabolism encompasses all the chemical reactions occurring in all parts of the body.
Complex substances are broken down into simple building blocks.
Large structures are assembled.
Energy-rich molecules (ATP) are created to power the chemical reactions.

11. 5. Metabolism Hormones regulate much of this activity.
Digestive and respiratory systems make nutrients and oxygen available.
Cardiovascular system distributes needed substances throughout the body.

12. 6. Excretion
Digestive and metabolic waste are created during digestion and metabolism.
These wastes or “excreta” are removed in three ways:
The digestive system removes undigested waste.
The urinary system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste from the blood.
The integumentary system removes some waste products through sweat.

13. 7. Reproduction
Individual cells and multi-celled organisms eventually die.
Offspring must be produced for life to continue.
The endocrine system creates hormones to regulate reproduction.

14. 7. Reproduction Reproduction occurs in two ways:
Cellular reproduction – cells divide to create new cells.
Organism reproduction – reproductive systems create haploid gametes that are then joined to form an embryo that grows and develops into an adult organism.

15. 8. growth
Growth can be an increase in size of an individual cell or an increase in body size accomplished by increasing the number of cells.
Cell building activities must occur at a faster rate than cell destruction activities.
Endocrine system hormones regulate growth.

16. 4 Corners
We will number off After numbering, go to the corner of your number and with your group read the 4 Corners prompt. Discuss the prompt with your group and be prepared to present to the rest of the class.
#1 - The human body has many features that help to maintain boundaries. Discuss with your group what types of tings these boundaries keep out, what they keep in, and what is the necessity for these restrictions.
#2 - Organisms interact with their environments. Discuss with your group at least three situations where this interaction occurs and the several ways the organism may respond to these situations.
#3 - Metabolism is all about chemical reactions inside the body. This includes reactions in many specific areas within the body. Describe how metabolism can be altered in three specific areas.
#4 - Excretion occurs in four primary organ systems. Discuss what organs are involved in excretion in these systems and what types of materials are excreted by each.

17.  What does your body need for basic survival?
In your notes write down 3 survival needs.

18. Survival Needs
Life is fragile and requires certain factors to be present for a cell or an organism to survive.
These include:
nutrients
oxygen
water
appropriate temperature
atmospheric pressure

19. Nutrients
Food contains the chemicals used for energy and cell-building.
Carbohydrates provide energy/fuel for cell metabolism.
Proteins provide most of the cell building blocks.
Fats provide some cell building blocks and cushion various body parts.
Minerals and vitamins are required for the chemical reactions of metabolism.

20. Oxygen
Chemical reactions inside the cells that release energy to do work require oxygen to occur.
Human cells can only survive a few minutes without oxygen.
Respiratory and cardiovascular systems make oxygen available to the cells.

21. Water Water makes up 60 – 80 % of body mass.
Provides a fluid base for bodily secretions and excretions.
Provides a medium for distribution of substances (i.e. blood, cell plasma, etc.)

22. Appropriate Temperature
Chemical reactions require energy to occur.
The body maintains a normal temperature range of C (98.60 F).
As body temperature drops, metabolic reactions slow down and eventually stop.

23. Appropriate Temperature
As body temperature increases, metabolic reactions speed up too much and proteins begin to break down.
Most body heat is generated by muscle activity and dissipated by blood circulating near the surface of the skin or evaporation of sweat.

24.  What process helps move nutrients into and wastes out of the cells?
Why do athletes like to train at high altitude?

25. Atmospheric Pressure The atmosphere exerts pressure on our bodies.
There is about 2,000 lbs. of pressure pushing against the average size person.
Breathing and exchanging O2 and CO2 gases depends on the appropriate atmospheric pressure.
The lower pressure of high altitude hinders air intake into the lungs.
The high pressure of deep sea diving makes it hard to exhale.

26. The presence of survival factors does not guarantee survival, they must be present in the right amounts.

27.  - Necessary Life Functions
Maintaining Boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

28.  - Survival Needs nutrients oxygen water appropriate temperature
atmospheric pressure