1. Chapter 31 Women’s Health

2. Women’s Health
Proportion of females to males increases over the lifespan
Education
Employment
Poverty
Marital status/family configuration

3. Women’s Health (cont.) Reproductive health and risks
Pregnancy and childbirth
Fertility rates continue to drop
Prenatal care
Patterns of health and illness
Women are generally healthier and live longer than men but miss more sick days from work
Leading causes of death
Heart disease, cancer, and stroke

4. Women’s Health (cont.) Patterns of health and illness
Leading causes of death in women older than age 65 are heart disease, cancer, cerebro-vascular accident, pneumonia, and influenza
Women delay seeking care when sick because of family and work obligations, may not take symptoms of pain seriously, and may not pursue health care for themselves while focusing on the care of others
Mental health often overlooked

5. Health Issues Issues during adolescence Puberty Menarche Body image
Eating disorders
Sexual issues
Sexual identity
Contraception decisions
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

6. Health Issues (cont.) Young adulthood issues Making career choices
Establishing relationships that may lead to marriage and pregnancy
Violent deaths, homicide, suicide, and accidents

7. Health Issues (cont.) Perimenopausal/menopausal issues
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Osteoporosis
Priorities
Benefits/risks of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT)
Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol and blood pressure levels
Maintaining bone strength and density
Maintaining health weight and exercise
Mammograms and Pap smears

8. Health Issues (cont.) Mature issues Functional health Independence
Autonomy
Career choices and lifestyles changes
Illnesses
Depression
Dementia
Urinary incontinence

9. Specific Disease Conditions Throughout the Lifespan
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Breast cancer
Osteoporosis

10. Diversity and Women’s Health
Cultural influences
Sexual orientation
Women and aging
Global issues and women’s health
Commission on the Status of Women

11. Special Issues affecting Women’s Health
Violence
Incarceration
Poverty
Workplace health

12. Future of Women’s Health
Procedural knowledge
Constructed knowledge
Feminism
Empowerment
Healthcare policy
Women’s Health Equity Act of 1990
Family Medical Leave Act of 1993
Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010