1. Johnson in Office

2. Johnson’s Presidency
Lincoln assassinated  Andrew Johnson becomes president
Johnson = a Democrat and Southerner

3. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Pardon and return the property to all former citizens of the Confederacy who took an oath of loyalty to the Union
The plan excluded former Confederate officers, officials, and the wealthy planters (owned more than $20,000 of land)
They had to apply to the president individually for a pardon
Johnson blamed wealthy planters for the war

4. Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Each ex-Confederate state had to…
Revoke its ordinance of secession
Ratify the 13th Amendment
Which abolished slavery
Reject all Civil War debts
With this lenient plan former Confederate officers and political leaders were elected to Congress by Southern voters
Made Congress very mad

5. Black Codes
Series of laws  severely limited African American rights in the South
Varied from state to state
Kept African Americans in a condition similar to slavery
Enter into annual labor contracts
Children enter into apprenticeships  could be whipped or beaten while serving
Specific work hours for ex-slaves

6. Civil Rights and 14th Amendment
The Civil Rights Act and the 14th Amendment were in retaliation to the Black Codes
These laws tried to override the Black Codes
These laws led to a lot of violence in the South

7. The Civil Rights Act of 1866
Granted citizenship to all persons born in the US except Native Americans
Allowed African Americans to own property and stated they were to be treated equally in court
Federal govt. had the right to sue anyone who went against these laws

8. The 14th Amendment – 1866
Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the US
Declared that no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, and property without due process of law
No state could deny any person equal protection of the laws

9. Military Reconstruction Act
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 wiped out Johnson’s programs
The Act’s provisions
Divide the former Confederacy into 5 military districts
Except for Tennessee because they had ratified the 14th Amendment
A Union general was placed in charge of each of the 5 military districts

10. The Act’s provisions (cont’d)
Each former Confederate state had to hold another constitutional convention
To design an acceptable constitution
New constitutions had to…
Give the right to vote to all adult male citizens regardless of race
Ratify the 14th Amendment before it would be allowed to elect people to Congress
By the end of 1868 six former Confederate states had met all the requirements and were readmitted to the Union