1. Ghost bouton budding is accompanied by local rearrangements of the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton.
Ghost bouton budding is accompanied by local rearrangements of the presynaptic actin cytoskeleton. A, Animals presynaptically expressing the membrane marker CD8-RFP and the F-actin marker GMA-GFP were imaged before and after high K+ stimulation. New F-actin puncta (arrowheads) are observed at sites of budding (arrows) where newly formed ghost boutons (double arrowheads) attach to the main axonal arbor. Scale bar, 6 μm. B, Application of 10 μm latrunculin A to the bath solution rapidly disperses F-actin puncta, while application of 10 μm jasplakinolide causes formation and stabilization of F-actin puncta. Scale bar, 6 μm. C, Wild-type animals pretreated with latrunculin A or jasplakinolide for 15 min before high K+ stimulation display a reduction in ghost bouton budding frequency. N (NMJs, animals): no drug = 30, 4; latrunculin A = 35, 5; jasplakinolide = 30, 4. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ANOVA. Error bars indicate SEM.
Zachary D. Piccioli, and J. Troy Littleton J. Neurosci. 2014;34:
©2014 by Society for Neuroscience