1. The Three States of Matter on Earth
gas
solid
liquid
Matter can be defined as anything that takes up space, has mass, and has inertia. Chemistry is the study of matter and its interactions. This is an introduction to the most basic categories of matter.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

2. Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter
States of Matter
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Matter
Assumptions:
Matter is made of particles, atoms and molecules, that are in constant motion
Particles contain thermal energy (“heat”), which causes them to move
Particles move faster as heat is applied; the more the energy the faster they move; particles move slower as energy is removed
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

3. States of Matter Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Basis of Classification of the three States:
Based upon particle arrangement and distance between particles (compactness due to attraction)
Based upon energy of particles and their motion
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

4. Solids Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Examples:
States of Matter
Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Examples:
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

5. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
A solid has a definite shape and a definite volume because its particles...
...have little energy.
...vibrate in place.
...have a strong attraction between them.
...are tightly packed due to the attraction.
Solids are not easily compressible because there is little free space between particles.
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another.
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

6. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Liquids
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Examples:
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

7. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
A liquid has an indefinite shape but a definite volume because its particles...
...have more energy than its solid form.
...move moderately faster than in its so in its solid form.
...able to slide past one another due to the slightly weaker attraction.
....are loosely packed.
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide past one another.
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

8. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
Gases
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Examples:
Particles of a gas move randomly and must be contained from all surfaces.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

9. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
A gas has an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because its particles...
...have a lot more energy than its liquid form.
...move much faster than in its liquid form.
…move freely bouncing against each other due to having hardly any attraction between them.
...are spread out.
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one another.
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

10. The Three States of Matter
States of matter are categorized by:
Amount of energy in particles
“Speed” of particles
Attraction between particles
Arrangement and distance (compactness)
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

11. Phase Properties Particle Properties Phase Proximity Energy Motion
Volume
Shape
Solid
packed
little
vibrate
definite
definite
Liquid
close
moderate
slide past
definite
indefinite
Gas
far apart
a lot
all over
indefinite
indefinite

12. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

13. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

14. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

15. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
freezing
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

16. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

17. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

18. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
condensation
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

19. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
condensation
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

20. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
condensation
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
freezing
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

21. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
condensation
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
freezing
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter

22. Chumbler - Properties of Matter
States of Matter
condensation
sublimation
The different states of matter are categorized by the arrangement and energy of the particles at normal temperatures and pressures. The state of matter can be altered by adding or removing energy and/or pressure which can affect the arrangement and energy of the particles.
vaporization
freezing
melting
Chumbler - Properties of Matter