1. Response of the actuator to different stimulations.
Response of the actuator to different stimulations. (A) Actuation induced by UV, Vis, and NIR lights at 10 mW/cm2. (B) QCM measurement of Ni(OH)2-NiOOH showing a mass increase under humid environment and a mass decrease upon the light illumination. (C) Photos of the oxidized (top) and reduced (bottom) actuator at different RHs. (D) Schematic diagram of Joule heating experiment and the heat-induced actuation of an actuator with size of about 30 × 25 mm2 under 1.5-A electrical current.
K. W. Kwan et al. Sci. Robotics 2018;3:eaat4051
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