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by Weijun Ke, Constantinos C

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1 Enhanced photovoltaic performance and stability with a new type of hollow 3D perovskite {en}FASnI3
by Weijun Ke, Constantinos C. Stoumpos, Menghua Zhu, Lingling Mao, Ioannis Spanopoulos, Jian Liu, Oleg Y. Kontsevoi, Michelle Chen, Debajit Sarma, Yongbo Zhang, Michael R. Wasielewski, and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis Science Volume 3(8):e August 30, 2017 Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

2 Fig. 1 Characterization of bulk materials and theory calculations.
Characterization of bulk materials and theory calculations. (A) Unit cell and crystal structure of {en}FASnI3 perovskite absorber. (B) pXRD patterns, (C) 1H NMR, (D) TGA data, (E) optical absorption, and (F) photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the {en}FASnI3 perovskite crystals with various molar ratios of FA and en. a.u., arbitrary unit. (G) A 2 × 2 × 2 supercell of (FA)2Sn2I6 depicting a model of the hollow perovskite with two SnI2 vacancies [(FA)16Sn14I44]. The calculated band structures of the supercell for the full [(FA)16Sn16I48] and hollow [(FA)16Sn14I44] perovskites are shown in (H) and (I), respectively. (I) Inset: Plot of the increase in the bandgap and decrease of the bandwidth as a function of SnI2 vacancies in FASnI3. Weijun Ke et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

3 Fig. 2 Characterization of films.
Characterization of films. Top-view SEM images of the perovskite films (A) without and (B) with 10% en loading deposited on the mesoporous TiO2 at low magnification. Insets: Top-view SEM images of the same films at high magnifications. (C) XRD patterns, (D) ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption, (E) PL, and (F) time-resolved PL (TRPL) spectra of the perovskite films with various amounts of en loading deposited on mesoporous TiO2. Weijun Ke et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

4 Fig. 3 Performance and stability of devices.
Performance and stability of devices. (A) Cross-sectional SEM image of a completed device. (B) J-V curves of the solar cells using the perovskite absorbers with various amounts of en addition. (C) Aging test on the unencapsulated solar cells with and without 10% en under constant AM1.5G (air mass 1.5 global) illumination in ambient air. Weijun Ke et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

5 Fig. 4 Performance of the champion device and reproducibility and stability of devices.
Performance of the champion device and reproducibility and stability of devices. (A) J-V curves of the best-performing solar cell using an {en}FASnI3 perovskite absorber with 10% en loading measured under reverse and forward voltage scans. (B) EQE and integrated Jsc measured from a solar cell with 10% en. (C) Histograms of PCEs for 60 solar cells with 10% en. (D) Efficiency of an encapsulated device with 10% en as a function of the storage time. Weijun Ke et al. Sci Adv 2017;3:e Copyright © 2017 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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