1. Chapter 3 Lesson 1
Essential Question:
Describe how Jamestown was established and why it survived when other English colonies failed.

2. Vocabulary
1. Jamestown - named in honor of King James - a settlement founded in 1607 in the Virginia Colony
2. John Smith – A soldier and adventurer, took
control of the Jamestown settlement
3. Indentured servants – people who sold their labor to a person who paid their passage to the colony
4. The House of Burgesses – 1619, became the first representative assembly in the American colonies
5. Bacon’s Rebellion - Nathaniel Bacon and his followers marched into Jamestown, took control of the House of Burgesses, and burned Jamestown to the ground

3. 1. How was Jamestown established?
Focus Questions
1. How was Jamestown established?
2. What hardships did the colonists of Jamestown face?
3. How did the decision to grow tobacco change Jamestown?
4. Why did the colonists create the House of Burgesses?
5. What were the causes of Bacon’s Rebellion?

4. Ch. 3 Less 1 “Early colonies have mixed success”
Main Idea:
Two early English colonies established in what later became the United States of America, failed. Jamestown survived- partly through individual effort and hard work!
In 1607, the Virginia Company of London financed an expedition to Chesapeake Bay that included more than 100 colonists. They sailed up the James River until they found a spot to settle.

5. Jamestown English colonists endured terrible hardships:
The territory was swampy and full of malaria-
carrying mosquitoes.
2. The drinking water (river) was contaminated.
The winters were bitter cold.
4. Many colonists starved to death in the winters.
By 1608, only 38 colonists survived!

6. Jamestown – Tobacco Plantations
* John Smith made sure everyone worked and
convinced the local natives to trade corn with the
colonists.
In 1609, 800 more English settlers arrived in Jamestown.
In 1612, a citizen of Jamestown, John Rolfe, developed a high-grade tobacco that colonists learned to grow.
The success of tobacco growing changed Jamestown in many ways.

7. Jamestown – Population Growth
The Virginia Company owned the land where the tobacco was grown.
Settlers wanted a share of the profits. The company sold land to settlers and also offered 50 acres of land to anyone who could pay his or her way to the colony.
The population of Jamestown jumped from 600 in to more than 2,000 in 1621.
More laborers were needed so people who couldn’t afford passage to the new settlement, became Indentured servants – people who sold their labor to a person who paid their passage to the colony.

8. Jamestown- Representative Assembly
The colonists became annoyed with the strict rules of the governor – who represented the Virginia Company’s interests back in London.
The Virginia Company decided to give colonists more local control by providing burgesses – elected representatives for the colonists. These assemblies which were made up of colonists could meet once a year and vote on local issues.
The House of Burgesses – 1619, became the first representative assembly in the American colonies.

9. Jamestown – Conflicts with the Natives!
Cultural differences put the natives and the English colonists on a collision course!
Tobacco plantations took over more and more native land.
In response to land grabs by the colonists, the native tribe (Powhatan) killed hundreds of Jamestown residents.

10. Jamestown – Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
By the 1670’s, ¼ of the white men in the Virginia colony were former indentured servants.
Many of these poor settlers lived on Virginia’s western frontier. They battled Native Americans for land.
Nathaniel Bacon and other poor settlers complained about and opposed the British Governor of Jamestown, William Berkeley.
They complained about high taxes and the governor’s favoritism toward large plantation owners.
Bacon demanded that the governor approve a war against the Native Americans to seize their land for tobacco plantations.

11. Jamestown - Bacon’s Rebellion 1676
The governor refused which sparked Bacon’s Rebellion.
Bacon and his followers marched into Jamestown, took control of the House of Burgesses, and burned Jamestown to the ground.
Nathaniel Bacon however, died from a sudden illness which ended the rebellion.
His followers were arrested, and Governor Berkeley had them all hung. The House of Burgesses passed laws to prevent any future royal governor from having this power.
King Charles II recalled the governor to England.
The House of Burgesses took an important step against tyranny – a cruel or oppressive government.

12. Chapter 3 Lesson 2 New England Colonies
Essential Question:
How did religion influence the settlement and government of the New England Colonies?

13. Vocabulary
Pilgrims - a separatist group which separated from the Church of England and sailed to America
The Mayflower Compact – An agreement signed on board the ship for the sake of law and order
Puritans – Religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England’s practices
Great Migration – Thousands of Puritans left their homeland to begin new settlements

14. Vocabulary Fundamental Order of Connecticut - laws
which extended voting rights & limited the
power of the government
Roger Williams – Salem Massachusetts minister who founded the colony of Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson – Believed a person could worship God without the help of a church or Bible
King Phillip’s War – Brutal fight between New England Puritans and Native Americans

15. Focus questions 1. Why did the Separatists leave Europe for America?
2. What did the 1st Thanksgiving symbolize?
3. What was a commonwealth?
4. Describe the New England Way and how did it contribute to the success of the New England colonies?
5. What was the outcome of King Phillip’s War? (page 96)

16. Ch 3 Less 2 “New England Colonies”
Main Idea:
Religion influenced the settlement and government of the New England colonies.
In the early 1600’s a religious group called the Separatists called for a total break from the Church of England. They thought it was too much like the Catholic Church.
The original Pilgrims to America were a separatist group under attack from King James for rejecting the church. They asked the Virginia Company if they could settle in America.
The Virginia Company arranged for them to settle on land within its boundaries on the east coast of North America.

17. The Pilgrims find plymouth
In November of 1620, the Mayflower Ship arrived off Cape Cod on the Massachusetts coast at a site named Plymouth.
The ship was off-course and landed outside the limits of the Virginia Company, so their charter (agreement) with the company did not apply.
To maintain order, the men aboard the Mayflower, signed an agreement they called The Mayflower Compact.
They promised to obey laws agreed upon for the good of the colony.
This compact or agreement helped to establish the idea of self-government and majority rule.

18. The Pilgrims find plymouth
Like the settlers in Jamestown, the Pilgrims suffered from harsh weather, disease, and starvation. By the spring of 1621, half the group had died.
Native Americans living in the area helped the settlers by teaching them how to plant, hunt, and fish. The colonists also traded with the Native Americans for furs.
Sometime in the fall of 1621, the Plymouth settlers celebrated a good harvest with a 3 day feast. This was the first Thanksgiving which came to represent the peace between the Native Americans and the Pilgrims.

19. The Puritans come to Massachusetts Bay
Between , a religious group called the Puritans wanted to migrate to America to escape bad treatment by King James I.
The Puritans were different from the separatist pilgrims. They didn’t want to break away from the Church of England, the Puritans wanted to reform or “purify” its practices.
Thousands of Puritan families left for the Americas - The Great Migration. 20,000 Puritans came to New England. Puritan merchants had invested in the Massachusetts Bay Company.

20. The Puritans come to Massachusetts Bay
In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Company received a royal charter to settle land in New England.
In 1630, 11 ships with about 1,000 passengers arrived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
John Winthrop – Puritan governor. He made the new colony a commonwealth – a community in which people work together for the good of the whole group.
The basic unit of the commonwealth is the congregation – a group of people who belong to the same church. Each congregation set up its own town.

21. The New England Way
The most important building in each town was the meeting house.
People gathered for town meetings, to make laws, and to elect representatives to a lawmaking body known as the General Court.
Everyone in town had to attend church services to learn the “New England Way” - duty, godliness, hard work, and honesty.
The strong Puritan work ethic helped to contribute to the rapid growth and success of the New England Colonies.

22. The New England Way Some Puritan congregations set up new colonies.
In 1636, Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the Connecticut Valley.
They wrote and adopted the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – a set of laws that expanded the idea of representative government. These laws extended voting rights to non church members and limited the power of the government.

23. Challenges to Puritan Leaders
Not everyone agreed with the New England Way.
Roger Williams, a minister in Salem, Massachusetts, opposed forced attendance to church and English colonists’ taking of Native American lands.
The General Court forced Williams to leave the colony. In 1636, he founded the colony of Rhode Island. This colony guaranteed religious freedom and separation of church and government.
Anne Hutchinson a Massachusetts colonist believed people could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible. She was put on trial and forced to leave. She fled to Rhode Island.

24. King Phillip’s War
The growing population of colonists began to force Native Americans from their land.
Conflict over land resulted in warfare.
In , Puritan colonies fought a brutal war with the Native Americans.
The war was known as King Phillip’s War because King Phillip was the English translation of the name Metacom, leader of the Wampanoag Indians.
Although Metacom organized an alliance of tribes, the natives lost the war with 3,000 natives killed including King Phillip (Metacom). About 500 Native Americans were enslaved

25. The Salem Witch Trials
Several Salem Village girls were told frightening stories about witches by a slave from the West Indies known as Tituba.
Pretending to be “bewitched”, the girls falsely accused others of witchcraft.
The witch-hunts began in The church clergy (ministers) saw the Salem witch-hunts and trials as a sign from God for the village to return to a strict Puritan lifestyle.
Hysteria spread throughout Salem. Those accused were forced to name others as witches. 20 Salem residents were found guilty and put to death. 19 were hung, and 1 was pressed to death with heavy stones.